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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 64, No. 6, pp.202-237
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2020
Received 07 Aug 2020 Revised 30 Nov 2020 Accepted 02 Dec 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2020.64.6.006

우리는 어떤 로봇을 만들어가고 있는가? : 2010-2019 텔레비전 뉴스에 등장한 인공지능 로봇의 전달 방식과 특성에 관한 탐색적 연구

손승혜*
*세종대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션학과 교수 shsohn@sejong.ac.kr
Social Shaping of the Age of AI Robots: An exploratory analysis of the portrayal of AI robots on TV news from 2010-2019
Seunghye Sohn*
*Professor, Department of Media & Communication, Sejong University shsohn@sejong.ac.kr

초록

오랫동안 사람들이 상상해 왔던 로봇이 인공지능 기술을 바탕으로 실생활에 본격적으로 등장하기 시작했다. 이 연구는 새로운 기술이 한 사회에 도입, 확산되는데 인간의 선택이 기술의 형태와 발전 방향, 결과에 모두 영향을 미친다는 기술의 사회적 형성 이론을 기반으로 지난 10년간 텔레비전 뉴스에 등장한 로봇의 특성에 관해 실증적으로 분석했다. KBS, MBC, SBS, YTN에서 2010년부터 2019년까지 10년 동안 로봇을 소개한 뉴스 아이템 407건과 소개된 로봇 407개를 분석하였다. 텔레비전 뉴스는 정보원에 대한 의존도가 높고, 과학기술과 같이 흥미로운 영상을 제공하는 기사를 선호하며, 그 광범위하고 강력한 영향력으로 사회적인 판단과 결정에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 판단되어 분석 대상으로 선정되었다. 기존 문헌 연구를 통해, 설정된 연구 문제는 다음과 같다: 1) 텔레비전 뉴스에 나타난 인공 지능 로봇 기사의 주제와 주요 등장인물은 누구인가?; 2) 텔레비전 뉴스에 나타난 로봇의 속성 중 외형적 특성, 역할과 목적, 강조된 능력은 무엇인가?; 3) 로봇에게 부여된 사회적 가치는 무엇인가?; 그리고 마지막으로 4) 기사의 제목에 사용된 어휘는 무엇이며, 이들은 어떻게 연결되어 있는가? 이러한 연구 문제에 대한 분석 결과, 알파고의 바둑대결과 4차 산업혁명 논의가 활발했던 2016년에 가장 높은 관심을 받았으며, 이들 기사에는 과학자와 사업자의 소개 외에 수혜자를 등장시켜 기술의 혜택을 강조했다. 등장하는 로봇들의 외형, 목적과 역할, 행동, 부여된 가치는 지난 10년간 상당한 변화를 보여주었다. 아직 낮은 수준의 자율성을 보이며 인간 보다는 기계의 외형을 갖고 있는 경우가 많았지만, 역할과 목적과 행동은 점차 현실적 활용성에 맞춰가고 있으며, 부여되는 가치도 기술적 정확성과 경제적 효율성이 강조되고 있다. 한편 기사의 제목 어휘 분석 결과는 점차 이 새로운 인공지능 로봇 기술이 현실 생활 속으로 들어오면서 미디어의 재현 방식도 변화하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 실증자료를 기반으로 하는 이 연구의 결과는 본격적인 현실화 단계에 들어서고 있는 인공지능과 로봇에 대한 사회적 선택의 방향과 결과를 이해하고, 이를 통해 우리 사회가 새로운 기술에 어떤 가치를 부여해 가고 있는지 탐색하는 중요한 기본 정보를 제공하고 있다.

Abstract

Robots, after countless decades of human imagination, have started to appear in real life with the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI). Based on the theory of social shaping of technology, which states that the human choice affects all facets of a new technology’s introduction and expansion within a society, including its form, direction, and effect, this research conducts an empirical analysis of the characteristics of robots as they appeared on television news over the past ten years. The analysis consists of a review of 407 news items and 407 robots introduced between 2010 and 2019 in the news channels KBS, MBC, SBS, and YTN. Television news are chosen as the subject of this analysis not only because they exercise a significant impact on the evaluation and decision of the society and its members concerning technology, but also because of their heavy dependence on the sources of information who make major decisions on technological development and their preference for novel and eye-catching news stories such as robots. Based on the review of previous research, this study raises the following research questions: 1) What are the topics of the news coverage and along with the robots, who are the main figures appearing in the news?; 2) What are the characteristics of the robots, such as their appearances, roles and purposes, and behaviors as covered in the news?; 3) What are the social values attached to the robots? ; 4) What are the frequently used words on the titles of the news and their network forms? The research findings show that, over the past ten years, robots received the highest attention in 2016, the year of AlphaGo’s match and discussion surrounding Industry 4.0. News items placed not only the scientists and the businessmen, but also the evaluators and beneficiaries, at the forefront to emphasize the gains from the technology. In addition, the robots’ physical appearances, roles and purposes, behaviors, and attached values have significantly changed in the past ten years. Generally, robots still exhibit a low level of independence and machine-like appearance that is far from the human form. However, their purposes, roles, and behaviors are stepping towards realistic uses, and their attached values are focusing more on technological exactitude, delight/fun, and economic efficiency. A linguistic analysis of the news items also show that the media’s portrayal of AI robots have changed across time with the adoption of AI technology in the everyday life over the past decade. Through a holistic analysis based on empirical data, this research reviews the process of defining the social value of AI and robots as they enter their full-scale adoption stage and provides significant information on what values we attach to the technology.

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, robot, social shaping of technology, TV news

키워드:

인공지능, 로봇, 기술의 사회적 구성, TV뉴스

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