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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 68 , No. 1
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[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 148-189
Abbreviation: KSJCS
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 28 Feb 2021
Received 26 Sep 2020 Accepted 29 Jan 2021 Revised 05 Feb 2021
https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2021.65.1.148

코로나19 언론보도 경향에 대한 빅데이터 분석 : 이슈 주기 및 언론사 정치적 지향에 따른 주제 분석과 언어 네트워크 분석 적용
함승경* ; 김혜정** ; 김영욱***
*이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션 미디어학부 강사 (hamseungkyung@gmail.com)
**이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션 미디어학부 박사과정 (leslie1982hj@gmail.com)
***이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션 미디어학부 교수 (kimyw@ewha.ac.kr)

A Big-Data Analysis of Media Coverage on COVID-19 : Topic Modeling and Semantic Network Analyses by Issue Cycle and Political Orientation
Seungkyung Ham* ; Hyejung Kim** ; Yungwook Kim***
*Lecturer, Ewha Womans University (hamseungkyung@gmail.com)
**Doctoral Student, Ewha Womans University (leslie1982hj@gmail.com)
***Professor, Ewha Womans University, corresponding author (kimyw@ewha.ac.kr)
초록

이 연구는 코로나19 1차 유행기에 생산된 코로나19 언론보도 빅데이터 분석을 통해 코로나19 감염 위기가 어떻게 구성되었고, 이슈 발전 단계에 따라 어떤 주제들이 논의되었는지, 그리고 이러한 논의에 언론사들의 정치적 지향에 따른 영향은 없었는지, 마지막으로 언론보도가 구성한 가장 핵심적인 의미는 무엇이었는지를 분석했다. 이를 위해, 코로나19를 키워드로 5개 일간지의 총 49,552건 기사를 수집하였고, 이슈 주기에 따른 5개 시기로 구분해서 토픽모델링과 언어 네트워크 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, ‘정부대응’, ‘개인방역, ’경제위기‘, ’정부지원‘, ’해외상황‘ 등 10개 주제가 도출되었다. 이슈 주기별로 구성된 10개 의제는 언론사의 정치적 지향에 따라 집중도가 다르게 나타났다. 구체적으로, 보수 언론은 상대적으로 임박과 발생 단계에서는 책임, 방역 의제에 집중하였고, 절정과 동면 단계에서는 방역, 경제, 정치 의제에 집중하였다. 반면, 진보 언론은 상대적으로 임박과 발생 단계에서는 경제위기, 정치에 집중하였고, 절정과 동면 단계에서는 재정지원, 정부대응 의제에 집중한 경향을 보였다. 그리고 시기별 핵심 의미를 분석한 결과, 동면 시기를 제외하고는 시기와 언론사 정치적 지향에 따른 핵심 의미의 차이가 나타나지 않고, 대응과 방역으로 수렴하였다. 결론적으로, 코로나19에 대한 언론보도의 의제는 이슈 주기와 언론사의 정치적 지향에 따른 차이가 발견되었지만, 핵심적인 개념들의 의미 관계에서는 마지막 단계를 제외하고 언론사의 정치적 지향에 따른 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 이는 팬데믹의 충격이 공론장에 전달되어 다양한 의제들이 존재함에도 불구하고, 대응과 방역 의제로 수렴됨으로써 지배적인 의미를 가졌다고 해석할 수 있다. 더불어, 이러한 연구 결과가 시사하는 바를 위험 커뮤니케이션 관점에서 논의했다.

Abstract

This study examined how the media construct topics about the COVID-19 pandemic and the differences among topics covered by issue development cycle and political orientation of newspapers. Moreover, the current study investigated the most important meaning that media coverage delivers. To this end, we collected a total of 49,552 articles from five daily newspapers published during the first phase of the pandemic, from December 20, 2019 to May 20, 2020, using the keyword COVID-19. The period was divided into five phases according to the issue cycle: potential, imminent, current, critical, and dormant. Topic modeling and semantic network analyses were used to extract topics and key meanings from the articles. Topic modeling analyses yielded a total of 10 topics: economic crisis, personal prevention, governmental response, political reaction, governmental support, changes in daily life, infectious disease research, regional quarantine, overseas situation, and exchange lockdown. Theses 10 topics showed different concentrations in each phase depending on the political orientation of newspapers. Specifically, conservative newspapers focused on responsibility and quarantine agendas during the imminent and the current phases, and on quarantine, economic, and political agendas during the critical and the dormant phases. On the other hand, progressive newspapers tended to concentrate on economic crisis and political agendas during the imminent and the current phases, and on financial support and governmental response agendas during the critical and the dormant phases. Semantic network analyses found that other than the dormant phase, there was no difference in the focal meanings of each phase regardless of the issue cycle and the political orientation of newspapers: The focal meanings converged to response and quarantine. Specifically, these meanings are mainly related to the number of confirmed cases, isolation and treatment issues, and regional and individual quarantine. In conclusion, the agendas that media construct in dealing with COVID-19 were found to be different by the issue cycle and the political orientation of newspapers, but in terms of semantic relationships of the focal meanings, no difference was found across political orientation of newspapers throughout all phases except for the last dormant phase. The results suggest that the focal meanings which newspapers consider most important in the COVID-19 crisis converged to response and quarantine, despite the presence of various agendas brought about by the shock of the global pandemic. Further findings and implications are discussed from the perspective of risk communication.

KeywordsCOVID-19, Issue Cycle, Political Orientation, Topic Modeling, Semantic Network Anlaysis
키워드: 코로나19, 토픽모델링, 언어 네트워크, 이슈 주기, 정치적 지향
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