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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 65 , No. 6
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Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 88-146
Abbreviation: KSJCS
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2021
Received 08 Oct 2021 Accepted 01 Dec 2021 Revised 07 Dec 2021
https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2021.65.6.003

미세먼지 언론 보도 내용분석 : 충남지역 미세먼지 관련 전국지와 지역지 비교
이현승** ; 김혜정*** ; 한지원**** ; 이성주***** ; 김영욱******
**이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어연구소 연구위원 (coolshey@hanmail.net)
***이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 박사과정 (leslie1982hj@gmail.com)
****이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 박사과정 (venustus@hanmail.net)
*****이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 석사과정 (iiilsj@naver.com)
******이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 교수 (kimyw@ewha.ac.kr)

News Media Coverage of Particulate Matter(PM) : Comparing National and Local News Frames of the Chungcheongnam-do PM case
Hyunseung Lee** ; Hyejung Kim*** ; Jiwon Han**** ; Sungju Lee***** ; Yungwook Kim******
**Researcher, Ewha Womans University, first author (coolshey@hanmail.net)
***Ph. D., student, Ewha Womans University (leslie1982hj@gmail.com)
****Ph. D., student, Ewha Womans University (venustus@hanmail.net)
*****M.A., student, Ewha Womans University (iiilsj@naver.com)
******Professor, Ewha Womans University, corresponding author (kimyw@ewha.ac.kr)
Contributed by footnote: ****** : Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea, 03760, (Tel) +82-2-3277-2237

Funding Information ▼
초록

오늘날 우리가 경험하는 미세먼지와 같은 위험들은 존재론적 보편성을 띠지만 인식론적 특수성으로 인해 동일한 위험에 대해서도 상이한 위험 인식이 나타난다. 이는 위험과 연관된 다양한 공중들에 의해 위험이 정의됨을 의미한다. 이러한 상황에서 뉴스 미디어는 위험에 대한 과학 정보와 위험 특성, 위험에 대한 다양한 의견들을 대중들이 접할 수 있도록 매개하는 핵심적인 역할을 담당한다. 그러나 뉴스가 위험을 표상하는 과정에서 항상 긍정적인 역할만 수행하는 것은 아니다. 미디어는 그 속성 상 대중들의 관심을 끌 수 있는 사회적 파급력이 큰 사건을 강력하고 자극적으로 보도하려는 경향이 있으며, 위험의 특정 부분을 과장하고 나머지 부분을 생략함으로써 선택적이며 편향된 위험 정보를 전달하려는 경향이 나타난다. 특히, 위험의 원인이 불확실하고 그 영향이 크게 나타날 경우 이러한 경향이 더 두드러지게 나타난다. 이러한 상황에서 의제설정이론과 프레이밍이론을 토대로 내용분석을 통해 충남지역 미세먼지 위험의 보도 특성을 파악하고, 미세먼지를 둘러싼 핵심 이슈와 미세먼지 발생 요인, 해결방안, 갈등 주제와 주요 행위자 등에 대한 프레임이 어떻게 형성되며, 어떠한 정보원이 미세먼지 위험의 중요 정의자로 등장하는지 전국지와 지역지 간에 비교해 보는 것은 뉴스 미디어가 충남지역 미세먼지 위험 세계를 어떻게 구성하고 있는지 파악해 보는 중요한 수단이 될 수 있다고 보았다. 보도 특성 분석 결과, 충남지역 미세먼지 이슈는 2019년부터 석탄화력발전과 제철소 등 사업장을 중심으로 이슈화되기 시작했으며, 사건 중심의 단순 정보 전달 기사, 미세먼지와 관련 없는 자료 제시, 중립적 보도 태도 등이 다수를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 프레임 분석 결과, 충남지역 미세먼지 보도는 미세먼지 발생 책임과 대응 간의 유기적 연결 속에서 이루어지고 있었으나, 이를 과도하게 단순화하여 특정한 사건으로 보도하려는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 충남지역 미세먼지 보도가 단편적이고, 파편적이며, 피상적으로 이루어지고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 정부 및 정치인은 가장 많이 활용되는 정보원일 뿐 아니라 갈등의 주요 행위자이며, 미세먼지 위험을 해결해야 하는 주체로 등장해 충남지역 미세먼지 문제에 있어 주요 정의자로 기능하고 있었다. 그러나 전국지와 지역지 간에 보도 특성과 보도 프레임, 정보원 특성, 갈등 구조에서 통계적으로 확인 가능한 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 지역성과 근접성을 기반으로 지역 내 위험 문제에 대해 지역 언론의 보다 심도 있는 보도가 요구된다.

Abstract

Risks including the particulate matter (PM) risk have been treated as an objective field, but recently, the view that risks should be viewed subjectively has grown as studies have found perceptions of the same risk to vary among people. This means risks are defined by the publics who are involved with the risk initiation, processes, and outcomes. In this context, the news media play a pivotal role as the dominant communication channel for the publics to get acquainted with diverse opinions about scientific information, characteristics, and severity of risks, which normally are invisible. However, the news does not always play a positive role in representing risks. Media, by its nature, tend to report sensitive and stimulating events with high social spillover, exaggerating certain aspects of the risk and omitting the rest. This kind of media reporting practice results in the formation of biased public opinion with selective risk information. This tendency is more pronounced when the cause of the risk is uncertain, the impact is greater, and when the consensus is not well established. A such, it is important to investigate how the media construct the PM risk. Since the PM risk is serious in the Chungnam region, it is also important to find out what kind of difference there is in the way national and local newspapers handle the PM risk. Based on this background, the study examined the news media representations of the PM risk through the content analysis based on agenda-setting theory and framing theory. Specifically, this study aimed to analyze news media coverage between national and local news frames about PM in the Province of Chungnam in order to investigate media representations, frames, news sources, and conflict structures. The results showed that the perceptions of PM risks in the Chungnam region were amplified due to workplace emissions such as coal-fired power stations and steel mills from 2019. The majority of articles represent simple information, mere data remotely related to PM, and neutral news coverage. The framing analysis results showed that PM-related news in the Chungnam region explained well the relationship between responsibility attributions and countermeasures for decreasing the level of PM. But there was a tendency to oversimplify and cover the PM issue as an independent event. This suggests that the news coverage on the PM issue in the Chungnam region is fragmentary and superficial without specific and clear solutions. The government and politicians, being the most used news sources and even the main actors in conflicts, have emerged as the key players to solve the PM risk. Furthermore, they functioned as the primary definer for the PM problem in the Chungnam region. However, there were no statistically significant differences between national and local newspaper coverages in the areas of media representations, frames, news sources, and conflict structures. These results suggest that local media should report more in-depth local risk issues based on locality and risk proximity. More theoretical implications were discussed based on the results.

KeywordsParticulate Matter(PM), Content analysis, Risk communication, News frames, Environmental conflicts
키워드: 미세먼지, 내용분석, 위험 커뮤니케이션, 뉴스프레임, 환경 갈등
Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Technology Develpoment Program to Solve Climate Changes through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT (2019M1A2A2103953) (이 논문은 2019년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국 연구재단-기후변화대응기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No. 2019M1A2A2103953)

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부록
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