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오보 문제에 대한 기자 인식 : 심층 인터뷰를 중심으로
초록
본 연구는 슈메이크와 리즈의 위계모형을 토대로 기자들이 생각하는 오보 방지를 위한 사전, 사후 대안을 도출하고자 일간 신문사, 방송사, 뉴스통신사에 근무하는 현장 기자를 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 수행했다. 연구결과, 기자들은 조직 요인이 오보 발생에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다고 보았다. 온라인 뉴스가 주로 소비되는 환경인데도 오프라인 중심의 뉴스 제작 시스템을 그대로 운영하며, 단독, 속보 경쟁을 가속하기 때문에 오보 위험성이 커진다는 것이다. 세부 대안으로 기자 차원에서는 충실한 기사 작성 노력과 디지털 시대의 기자 역할 재정립 등을 제시했다. 미디어 관행과 언론사 차원에서는 온라인 뉴스소비 시스템 강화, 지속적인 윤리 교육 강화, 다양한 기사 형식과 평가 체제 도입, 그리고 오보 대응 조직 설치 등을 대안으로 제시했다. 조직 외적 환경에서는 정파성 극복을 위한 자율규제 마련과 포털 뉴스 소비 환경 개선 필요성을 제시했다. 징벌적 손해배상청구제에 언론사를 포함하는 것은 찬반이 엇갈렸으나, 언론사의 책임을 강화할 필요성에 공감대를 확인했다. 오보는 언론불신의 시작이다. 언론사가 오보의 심각성을 깨닫고, 디지털 미디어 시대에 맞는 조직 운영과 기자들의 윤리의식 복원에 나서야 추락한 언론 위상을 회복할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study examined the opinions of reporters so as to propose pre/post measures for preventing misinformation. By transforming the hierarchical model of Shoemaker and Reese into three levels, measures to prevent misinformation were derived. In-depth interviews were conducted with reporters working for daily newspapers, broadcasters, and news agencies. The results show that the reporters identified organizational issues as the key issue among the causes of misinformation. That is, the risk of misinformation increases because the press accelerates the competition for single and breaking news while operating the existing news production system as it is. As a specific measure, at the reporter level, faithful writing and re-establishing the role of journalists in the digital age were suggested. At the media level, the reporters suggested strengthening the online news consumption system, reinforcing continuous education in ethics, introducing various article formats and evaluation systems, and establishing an organization to respond to misinformation. At the level of external environment, the necessity of self-regulation to overcome partisanship and improvement of the portal news consumption environment was suggested. There were mixed arguments for and against including the press in the punitive damages claim system, but consensus was confirmed on the need to strengthen the responsibility of the press.
Keywords:
misinformation, fact check, correction reporting, self-regulation, media ethics키워드:
오보, 팩트 체크, 정정 보도, 자율규제, 언론 윤리References
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