장애인 유튜브 크리에이터들의 영상 제작 활동과 정동 체험에 대한 사례연구 : 들뢰즈와 과타리의 ‘정동’과 ‘양식-역설’의 사유를 중심으로
초록
본 연구의 목적은 장애인 유튜브 크리에이터들의 영상 제작 활동과 정동 체험을 탐구하고, 장애인에 대한 사회적 통념을 극복하기 위한 대안적이고 역설적인 실천의 방향성을 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 이론적 논의로서 스피노자를 비롯하여 들뢰즈와 과타리의 정동 사유에 기반해 유튜브 제작활동을 통한 정동 체험을 분석하고, 양식과 역설의 사유를 바탕으로 장애인에 대한 사회적 통념의 문제점과 이를 극복하기 위한 대안적 실천의 방향성을 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법은 스테이크의 도구적 사례연구를 택하였다. 연구참여자들은 장애인 유튜브 크리에이터들로 선정하여 영상 제작 활동의 사례들에 초점을 두고 심층인터뷰를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 세 가지 연구문제를 중심으로 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫 번째로 장애인에 대한 사회적 차별 및 배제의 경험과 유튜브 영상 제작 계기에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구참여자들은 차별과 배제를 경험하였고, 장애인에 대한 사회적 인식이 부족하다고 인식하고 있었다. 연구참여자들이 유튜브를 선택한 이유는 방송과 달리 직접 구성·제작·편집을 진행하기 때문에 더 자유로운 주제로 장애인의 삶을 자유롭게 보여줄 수 있기 때문이었다. 연구참여자들에게 유튜브는 유희와 정보 전달의 공간일 뿐만 아니라 구독자들과 댓글, 커뮤니티를 통해 소통-인식개선-공감의 요소를 포함하고 있었다. 둘째, 유튜브를 통해 어떠한 정동체험을 경험하였는지에 대해 분석하였다. 정동은 슬픔에서 기쁨, 기쁨에서 슬픔으로 운동성을 지닌 정서의 변이이다. 유튜브를 통해 불특정 다수와 연결되고 소통하는 과정을 통해 연구참여자들은 내·외부적으로 기쁨의 정동을 경험하였다. 이 과정에서 댓글 소통이나 상담과 같은 타인과의 관계가 작용한다는 것을 발견하였다. 물론 유튜브 영상을 제작했다는 것 자체가 반드시 기쁨의 정서가 나타나는 것은 아니지만, 내·외부적으로 긍정적인 요소들이 포함되었다는 점에서 유의미하다. 연구참여자들은 악플, 기대감으로 인한 과부하와 같은 슬픔의 정서도 경험하였지만 사건을 통해 슬픔에서 또 다시 기쁨으로 이행하는 정서의 변이를 경험하였다. 마지막으로 사회적 양식의 문제점에 대한 인식과 유튜브를 통한 역설적 실천에 대해 분석하였다. 들뢰즈의 양식 사유처럼, 장애인들은 프로그램이나 영화 등에 자주 등장하지만, 일부 프로그램에서는 여전히 장애를 자극적인 요소로만 사용하는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 반면 유튜브를 통해 다양한 활동을 할 수 있게 되면서 장애인들의 역설적 실천행위를 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 의의는 유튜브 영상 제작 활동을 통해 장애인에 대한 사회적 차별/배제의 문제와 사회적 통념들을 경험적 사례들을 통해 드러내고, 이를 극복하기 위해 다양성과 차이의 가치를 실현할 수 있는 방안들을 모색하는 데 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the video production activities and affective experiences of YouTube creators with disabilities, and to explore the direction of alternative and paradoxical practices to overcome socially dominant perceptions about the disabled. To this end, we draw on Deleuze and Guattari’s and Spinoza’s thoughts on affect to analyze the affective experience in YouTube production activities. We then incorporate the notions of ‘bon sens’ and ‘paradoxa’ to discuss the problems in the dominant social perception of people with disabilities and explore alternatives to overcome them. The study involved YouTube creators with disabilities as research participants, and in-depth interviews were conducted focusing on cases of video production activities. As a research method, an instrumental case study of Steak was selected. First, we looked at the experience of social discrimination and exclusion from the disabled and the opportunity to produce YouTube videos. Research participants experienced discrimination and exclusion and felt a lack of social awareness. Unlike broadcasting, YouTube directly organizes, produces, and edits the lives of the disabled with less constraints in the range of themes. In addition, YouTube was not only a space for play and information delivery, but also included elements of communication, awareness improvement, and empathy through subscribers, comments, and communities. Second, the research participant analyzed the types of affect experienced through YouTube. The study participants experienced emotions of sadness from malicious comments and overload due to high expectations. Affect is a variation of emotions with mobility from sadness to joy and from joy to sadness. Accordingly, the study participants experienced transforming the emotions of sadness back into emotions of joy. Finally, the perception of the problems of social style and paradoxical practice through YouTube were analyzed. Some programs still perceived disability as being used only as a stimulating factor. Disabled people often appear in programs and movies, but still have not escaped the existing disability stereotypes. However, as various activities were possible through YouTube, the paradoxical practice of the disabled could be discovered. The significance of this study is to reveal the problems of social discrimination/exclusion and socially dominant ideas of the disabled through empirical examples through YouTube video production activities, and to find ways to realize the value of diversity and difference to overcome them.
Keywords:
Deleuze, disabled person, affect, Youtube, paradoxa키워드:
들뢰즈, 장애인, 정동, 유튜브, 역설References
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