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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 66, No. 2, pp.70-106
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 30 Apr 2022
Received 11 Feb 2022 Accepted 11 Mar 2022 Revised 01 Apr 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2022.66.2.002

의약품 부작용 메시지의 구조 및 표현과 복약 비이행 의도 : 인지부하와 지각된 부작용 가능성의 매개효과를 중심으로

모연화** ; 박현순***
**성균관대학교 미디어문화융합대학원 겸임교수 mofree@naver.com
***성균관대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션학과 교수 serenity@skku.edu
Structure and Expression of Medicine Side Effect Message and Medication Non-adherence : The Mediation Effects of Cognitive Load and Perceived Likelihood
Yeonhwa Mo** ; Hyun Soon Park***
**Adjunct Professor, Graduate School of Culture Management, Sungkyunkwan University mofree@naver.com
***Professor, Department of Media and Communication, Sungkyunkwan University, corresponding author serenity@skku.edu

초록

의약품 메시지는 법적 절차를 통해 의약품첨부문서의 형태로 공중에게 공개된다. 공개된 의약품 메시지는 다양한 채널을 통해 수용자에게 전달된다. 수용자들은 메시지와 커뮤니케이션 과정을 통해 의약품에 대한 효능 인식과 부작용 인식을 형성한다. 그리고 형성된 인식은 복약 행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 의약품첨부문서의 의약품 효능 메시지와 부작용 메시지가 수용자에게 어떻게 인식되는지 파악하는 것은 전 세계적인 공중 건강 문제, 구체적으로 복약 비이행 문제를 해결할 수 있는 시작점이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제 인식을 바탕으로 현재 의약품첨부문서가 수용자에게 어떻게 인식되는지 분석했다. 이를 위해 부작용 메시지 요인을 메시지의 구조와 표현으로 구분했다. 그리고 메시지 구조는 주의분산형과 통합형으로, 메시지 표현은 수리적 표현과 구두적 표현으로 설계하고 요인에 따른 복약 비이행 의도와 메시지 효과 경로를 분석했다. 결과에 따르면, 부작용 메시지 구조는 인지부하를 매개하여 복약 비이행 의도에 영향을 미치고, 부작용 메시지 표현은 지각된 부작용 발생가능성을 매개하여 복약 비이행 의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 부작용 메시지에 신체 기관 정보를 포함하는 경우 인지부하를 높임으로써 복약 비이행 의도를 높였으며, 부작용 가능성을 구두적으로 표현하는 경우 부작용 발생 가능성을 과대 추정 시킴으로써 복약 비이행 의도를 높였다. 이론적으로 본 연구는 인지부하이론과 기준점 효과를 적용하여, 인지부하와 위험인식의 매개효과를 검증하며 왜곡된 부작용 인식이 복약 비이행 의도에 미치는 인지 메커니즘의 모델화를 시도했다. 이러한 시도는 의약 현장의 문제인 복약 비이행을 의약품첨부문서와 수용자의 커뮤니케이션 과정으로 분석하여, 결과적으로 의약품 메시지와 행동 의도와의 관계를 검증했다는 의의를 가진다. 실무적으로 본 연구는 미국과 유럽의 의약품첨부문서 개선안을 실증적으로 검증하여 건강 기관 정책 입안자들에게 의약품 메시지 전략의 방향성을 제안한다. 또한 의약품 메시지가 복약 행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하여 현장의 의, 약료 전문가들의 메시지에 의미 있는 통찰을 제공한다.

Abstract

Medicine messages are disclosed to the public in the form of written information through legal procedures. They are delivered to recipients through various channels. The recipients perceive the efficacy and side effects of medication through these messages and communication channels. This perception can affect their medication behavior. Therefore, understanding how messages related to side effects in written medicine information are perceived by recipients may be a starting point for solving global public health problems, specifically the problem of medication non-adherence. Based on these problems, this study analyzed how current written medicine information is perceived by recipients. In current study side-effect message factors were divided into structure and expression of the message. The message structure was designed with attention-distributed and integration types, and the message expression was designed with numerical and verbal expressions. The intention toward medication nonadherence and the message effect path were analyzed according to the message factors. The results indicated that the side-effect message structure affected medication non-adherence mediated the cognitive load. Furthermore, the expression of the side-effect message affected medication non-adherence, which mediated the perceived likelihood of side effects. Specifically, when body organ information was included in the side-effect message, the intention toward medication nonadherence increased along with the increase in the cognitive load, and when the perceived likelihood of side effects was verbally expressed, the intention toward medication non-adherence was overestimated. Theoretically, this study expanded the cognitive load theory and anchoring effect to include side-effect messages. Specifically, the mechanism of perception of distorted side effects was explained by cognitive load and the anchoring effect. These attempts are meaningful in that they analyzed medication non-adherence, which is a problem in the practical field, as a communication process between written medicine information and the recipient. They verified the theoretical validity of the message effect. In practice, this study empirically verified the improvement draft in the foreign written medicine information section and proposed the direction of medicine messages to policy makers of health institutions. It also verified the relationship between medicine messages and medication behavior to provide meaningful insights to field medical and pharmaceutical experts. This study demonstrated that side effect message structure and expression on the written medicine information can impair message recipient health outcomes. Currently, in Korea, despite the difference in the ability of the general public and experts to understand health information, they are exposed to the written medicine information in the same form. However, the United States, Europe, and Australia distinguish between medicine information written for medical professionals and that written for patients. Therefore this study suggested the need for the improvement of written medicine information centered on the message recipient.

Keywords:

Written Medicine Information, Side Effect Message, Medication Nonadherence, Cognitive Load Theory, Anchoring Effect

키워드:

의약품첨부문서, 부작용 메시지, 복약 비이행, 인지부하이론, 기준점 효과

Acknowledgments

This study is based on Yeonhwa Mo’s Ph.D. dissertation from Sungkyunkwan University in 2022 (이 논문은 제1저자의 2022학년도 성균관대학교 박사학위논문을 수정·보완한 것임).

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부록

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  • 류지헌·임태형 (2010). 텍스트 중심의 읽기 자료에서 화면 배치유형과 동기 메시지가 인지부하에 미치는 영향. <교육공학연구>, 26권 3호, 125-157.
  • 박인호 (2020). <정책에 대한 심리적 거리감과 메시지 프레임이 정책 관련 태도에 미치는 영향>. 성균관대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션대학원 박사학위 논문.
  • 안순태·정재선 (2019). 노인들의 사회적 지지와 온라인 건강정보행동: 임파워먼트의 매개효과와 헬스 리터러시의 조절효과를 중심으로. <한국방송학보>, 33권 5호, 163-190.
  • 이정은·조일현 (2020). 텍스트 기반 멀티미디어 학습에서 시각적 단서와 학습자 메타인지 수준이 인지부하에 미치는 영향. <교육정보미디어연구>, 26권 3호, 539-565.