![The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies (KSJCS)](/images/basic/pubreader_back.gif)
중일전쟁기 일제검열의 시선 : 전쟁기 신문검열의 작동양상과 실제
초록
본 연구는 1930년대 말 중일전쟁을 배경으로, 식민지 조선에서 조선어 민간신문을 대상으로 이루어진 일제검열의 양상과 실제에 접근해 보고자 하는 의도에서 시작되었다. 일제하 조선어 신문에 대한 연구는 식민지 전시기를 대상으로 다양하게 이루어져 왔으나 조선어 민간신문들이 민중대변의 기능을 상실한 것으로 평가받는 1930년대 말을 대상으로 한 연구는 많지 않은 실정이다. 특히, 조선어 신문들에 대한 일제검열이 큰 의미를 갖지 못한다고 판단해서인지 이 시기 조선어 신문에 행해졌던 검열에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 그러나 1930년대 말에도 조선어 신문과 조선어 신문에 대한 검열은 분명히 실행되고 있었고, 전쟁이라는 특수상황을 감안할 때 이 시기 검열의 양상과 실제에 대해 접근해 보는 것은 일제검열의 특성이나 당시 조선어 신문이 놓였던 상황 등을 이해하기 위해서는 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1930년대 말 중일전쟁기를 대상으로 조선총독부 경무국 도서과에서 조선어 민간신문을 대상으로 행했던 검열의 내용이 어떤 것이었나 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 당시에 발행되고 있었던 주요 조선어 민간신문인 <동아일보>와 <조선일보>를 중심으로, 이들에 대한 당시의 검열기록을 검토하여 실제 이들에 내려진 행정처분의 내용과 검열로 행정처분을 받은 기사의 내용을 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석대상이 된 주요 검열기록은 검열담당부서였던 경무국 도서과에서 월별로 발행한 <조선출판경찰월보(朝鮮出版警察月報)>와 연보 <조선출판경찰개요(朝鮮出版警察槪要)>이다. 먼저 이들 검열기록에서 행정처분 사례들을 모두 찾아내어 분석해 본 후, 이를 바탕으로 실제 신문지면들을 찾아 행정처분이 어떻게 반영되었는지 검토해 보았으며 이를 통해 중일전쟁기 식민지 언론을 대상으로 한 일제검열이 어떤 양상을 띠고 있었는지 살펴보고자 하였다.
Abstract
This study examines Japanese censorship in colonial Korea over Korean private newspapers such as Dong-A Ilbo and Chosun Ilbo during the Sino-Japanese war, which occurred in 1937. Studies on censorship of Korean Newspapers under Japanese colonial rule had little focused on the late period of 1930s. Although the Korean private newspapers lost their status as an exponent of the Korean people due to the incident of the erasure of the Japanese national flag on the pages of newspapers in 1936, Japanese censorship on Korean private newspapers was still being executed in the late 1930s. Political censorship was even strengthened and elaborated because of the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war.
Therefore, this study explores Japanese censorship on Korean private newspapers during the Sino-Japanese war in order to look into the traits of imperial censorship in colonial Korea, which was executed in extraordinary times of war. The data analyzed in the study are historical materials, including censorship records published by the Japanese censorship bureau, the Book Department of the Japanese Government General of Korea. These are The summary of Chosun Publication Police and The Monthly Report of Chosun Publication Police. Pages of Korean private newspapers such as Dong-A Ilbo and Chosun Ilbo, the main target of Japanese censorship, were also collected and analyzed.
In order to grasp the characteristics of wartime Japanese censorship, this study takes two approaches. First, censorship records published annually and monthly from 1937 to 1940 were examined to find out what kinds of administrative sanctions were imposed on two Korean private newspapers, Dong-A Ilbo and Chosun Ilbo. ‘Seizure’, ‘Erasure’, and ‘Attention’ were the typical administrative sanctions inflicted by the Japanese censorship bureau. After that, newspaper pages carrying sanctioned articles were collected and analyzed to identify how these administrative dispositions were actually reflected in the articles of Korean private newspapers. In doing so, this study attempted to figure out Japanese censors’ main concerns about Korean private newspapers during the Sino-Japanese war.
The Sino-Japanese war was the first modern war in which the Koreans were systematically mobilized. Imperial Japan wanted to move people in Korea more efficiently by controlling Korean private newspapers. As a result, the conduct of Japanese censorship on Korean private newspapers became more fortified and elaborate because of the unusual circumstance of war. During this period, the number of seizures, the administrative disposition based on substantive laws, was decreased on the one hand. Howerver, erasures and attentions, the expedient means of prior warning, were increased remarkably on the other hand.
Keywords:
Japanese censorship, Korean private newspapers, Sino-Japanese war, The summary of Chosun Publication Police, The Monthly Report of Chosun Publication Police키워드:
일제검열, 조선어 민간신문, 중일전쟁, 조선출판경찰월보, 조선출판경찰개요Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the 2021 Far East University Research Grant(FEU2021R21). (이 연구는 2021년도 극동대학교 교내연구비 지원에 의하여 수행된 것임-FEU2021R21)
References
- Choi, M., & Kim, M. (1978). The history of Korean press under Japanese colonial rule. Seoul: Ilwolseogak.
- Choi, Y. L. (1993). A study on Japanese colonial government's policy toward Korean press during the last period of Japanese Occupation in Korea. Ewha Sahak Yeongu, 20·21, 189-203.
- Jung, J. (1975). History of struggle of Korean press under Japanses colonial rule. Seoul: Jungeumsa.
- Jung, J. (1990). History of Korean press. Seoul: Nanam.
- Kim, K. (1982). Japanese policy of the press and propaganda in colonial Korea. Seoul: Yiwoo.
- Kim, M. (1996). History of Korean press. Seoul: Namam.
-
Ko, Y. (2012). 'Chosun War/Korean War' or 'split/partition' - in regard to approval of memory. Daedong Cultural Studies, 79, 63-91.
[https://doi.org/10.18219/ddmh..79.201209.63]
- Lee, M. J. (2010). A study on censorship of Korean private newspapers during Japanese colonial rule. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Lee, M. J. (2020). Empire and censorship. Seoul: Somyong.
-
Lee, M. J., & Jung, K. (2016). The practice and recording of censorship in colonial Korea: A critical review of the Chosun Publication Monthly Police Report. The Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies, 16(2), 223-242.
[https://doi.org/10.21866/esjeas.2016.16.2.005]
- Park, Y.-G. (2001). A study on press control policies and the transformation of press system during the last period of Japanese occupation in Korea. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication, 46(1), 194-228.
- Park, Y.-G. (2005). The change of Korean newspaper editorials on the ruling policies of imperialist Japan in colonial Korea - Focused on the last period of Japanese occupation in Korea. Korean Journal of Communication & Information, 28, 111-140.
- Research Society for Censorship (2011). Colonial censorship: Institution, text, practice. Seoul: Somyong.
- Shin, S.-C. (2009). Discourse of war merged by politico-military-media complex in the U.S. Hyonsang-gwa-Insik, 107, 68-91.