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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 66, No. 6, pp.31-63
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2022
Received 30 Aug 2022 Revised 12 Nov 2022 Accepted 18 Nov 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2022.66.6.002

존재론적 접근을 통한 포스트-진실 시대의 언론의 윤리적 태도 연구

주형일**
**영남대학교 언론정보학과 교수 spdm@yumail.ac.kr
Exploring Journalism Ethics in the Post-Truth Era using the Concept of Ontological Truth
Hyoungil Joo**
**Professor, Department of Media and Communication, Yeungnam University spdm@yumail.ac.kr

초록

이 논문은 포스트-진실 시대의 언론의 윤리적 태도와 관련해 기존 언론윤리 담론의 토대가 된 진실 개념과는 다른 진실 개념을 통해 윤리적 태도에 접근할 것을 제안한다. 일반적으로, 일치성으로서의 진실 개념은 객관주의 저널리즘 담론을 구성하는 핵심이었고 일관성으로서의 진실 개념은 탐사 저널리즘 담론을 지탱해 왔다. 유용성으로서의 진실 개념은 공공 저널리즘 담론을 구성하는 데 기반이 된다. 이 진실들은 언론이 추구하고 달성해야 할 목적으로 제시된다. 이 논문은 언론이 도달해야 할 목적으로서의 진실이 아닌 언론의 존재 토대로서의 진실에 대해 고찰한다. 이 논문은 하이데거의 진실 개념을 바탕으로 신유물론의 수행성 개념과 존재론적 전회의 주장을 참조해 존재론적 진실 개념을 고안하고 이를 언론의 새로운 윤리적 태도를 구성하는 데 필요한 핵심 개념으로 제안한다. 존재론적 진실이란 행위자가 다른 행위자들과 상호작용하는 과정에서 드러나는 사건 겸 의미로 행위자의 세계를 보여주는 것이다. 언론 생태계는 개별 언론들이 물질-담론적 실천들을 통해 현상으로 나타나는 과정에서 각자의 진실을 드러내면서 서로 충돌하고 번역하고 공존하는 곳이다. 개별 언론은 주위 환경이나 다른 언론들, 수용자들과의 관계 안에서 언론으로서의 항상성을 유지하기 위해 계속 노력하고 다른 언론의 진실을 번역하고 이해하려 노력해야 한다. 이것이 언론이 가져야 할 윤리적 태도이다.

Abstract

This article proposes to approach the ethics of journalism through the concept of ontological truth. Until now, the concept of truth as correspondence has been central to the construction of objectivist journalism, and the concept of truth as coherence has underpinned investigative journalism. The concept of truth as utility is the foundation on which public journalism rests. These three kinds of truths are epistemological because they are based on the relationship between statements and objects. Based on Heidegger's concept of truth, this article refines the concept of ontological truth by referring to the new materialism's concept of performativity and the arguments of ontological turn. Ontological truth presents the actor's world as the meaning-event that emerges during the actor's interaction with other actors. Ontological truth is how an entity reveals itself through events. The journalistic ecosystem is where different media with different truths collide, translate and coexist. The fact that each journalistic medium has its truth means that each medium creates its meaning-event to build its world. It is not that there are many opinions with various views on one event, but that there are various events with multiple meanings. The meanings-events of individual media, that is, the truths of individual media, are different. There is no absolute truth that all journalistic media must admit. No truth or world can be agreed upon or shared through discussion. The journalistic ecosystem is not a universe but a multiverse. In this situation, the core of the ethical attitude that the individual journalistic media should adopt is not to be disconnected from other media and to try to translate the truth of other media. Each medium should always connect with other actors to reveal their meanings-events and translate the meanings-events of other media. The meaning-event is not fixed, but fluid. It continues to change within the interaction between the actors. If the meaning-event is fluid, so is its translation. In the permanent interaction with the actors, the individual journalistic medium reveals itself as a phenomenon, creating both event and meaning. The ontological truth is thus neither a goal for journalism to pursue nor a standard by which to determine whether journalism is appropriate. It is the basis that enables journalism and the place where the existence of journalism is revealed. The journalistic media must continue to strive to maintain homeostasis in the journalistic ecosystem. They must build relationships with other media and audiences. They should strive to translate and understand the truths of other media. This is the ethical attitude that journalism should have.

Keywords:

ontological truth, journalism ethics, objectivity, aletheia, performativity

키워드:

존재론적 전회, 알레테이아, 언론윤리, 수행성, 존재론적 진실

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the 2022 Yeungnam University Research Grant(이 연구는 2022년도 영남대학교 학술연구조성비에 의한 것임).

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