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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 68, No. 3, pp.43-82
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 30 Jun 2024
Received 04 Apr 2024 Accepted 27 May 2024 Revised 29 May 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2024.68.3.002

MZ는 전화를 두려워하는가? : 문자 선호와 전화 불안의 세대 차이

진보래**
**중부대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션학과 부교수 bjin23@joongbu.ac.kr
Does Generation MZ Fear Phone Calls? : Texting Preference and Call Anxiety across Generations
Borae Jin**
**Associate Professor, Department of Media & Communication, Joongbu University bjin23@joongbu.ac.kr

초록

본 연구는 젊은 세대의 문자메시지 선호가 전화 통화가 두려워 피하기 때문이라 여겨지고 있는 현상에 주목하여, 문자 선호와 전화 불안을 측정하고 세대 차이를 확인하려는 목적에서 수행되었다. 우선, 전화 통화를 피하고 문자로만 커뮤니케이션하려는 성향과 전화 통화 시에 경험하는 불안감이나 긴장도를 측정하기 위한 문항을 개발하였다. 20대에서 50대까지의 성인들(N = 600)을 대상으로 문자 선호와 전화 회피수준이 나이에 따라 달라지는지 살펴보았고, 두 채널의 이용량과 사회적 실재감, 커뮤니케이션 채널로서의 적합성 및 효과성 인식과의 관련성도 탐색해 보았다. 분석 결과, 나이가 어릴수록 문자를 많이 이용하고 전화를 덜 이용했으며, 문자를 적합하고 효과적이라 여기는 경향도 증가했다. 문자를 많이 이용하면 문자 실재감과 문자 적합성, 효과성이 높아지고, 전화를 많이 이용하면 전화 실재감과 전화 적합성, 효과성이 높아졌다. 문자 채널의 실재감과 적합성, 효과성은 문자 선호를 높였고, 전화 통화의 실재감, 적합성, 효과성 인식은 문자 선호를 낮추었다. 전화를 많이 이용하면 문자 선호가 낮아졌고, 나이는 이용량 및 채널 인식 요인들을 통제하고도 직접적으로 문자 선호에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 나이가 어리면 문자 선호도(전화 회피)가 높았다. 특히, 2030세대와 4050세대 간 격차가 두드러졌다. 그럼에도, 나이가 어리다고 하여 문자 채널을 전화 통화보다 더 우월하게 여기지는 않았다. 사회적 실재감은 나이와 관계없이 전화가 문자보다 뚜렷하게 높았다. 채널 적합성과 효과성은 전반적으로 통화가 문자보다 높았지만, 나이가 어릴수록 문자도 전화만큼 적합하고 효과적이라 여겼다. 덧붙여, 문자 채널의 적합성과 효과성은 나이의 영향력이 큰 편이었고, 전화 통화의 적합성과 효과성은 전화 통화량의 영향력이 상대적으로 높았다. 이 결과는 문자메시지에 대한 태도는 세대 차이로, 전화 통화에 대한 태도는 성숙 효과로 해석해 볼 수 있음을 시사한다. 이와 같은 각 채널에 대한 인식 변수들과 이용량은 문자 선호를 유의미하게 예측했고, 나이는 이러한 요인들을 매개로 간접적으로 그리고 직접적으로도 문자 선호에 영향을 미쳤다. 전화 불안 또한 나이가 적을수록 강해지는 경향을 보였으나, 흥미롭게도 20대부터 40대까지는 비슷한 수준이었고, 문자 선호와 강하게 연결되어 있었다.

Abstract

It is often reported that young people prefer to communicate through text messages rather than phone calls due to a fear of calling. As this phenomenon has yet to be validated, the purpose of this study was to determine whether "call phobia" exists among Generation MZ. To achieve this, an instrument was developed to measure both the preference for texting and the anxiety associated with making and receiving phone calls. We also examined generational differences in these phenomena and explored their relationships with usage amount, social presence, effectiveness, and appropriateness of the two channels: texting and calling. An online survey was conducted to collect data. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 59, including Generation Z, Millennials, and Generation X (N = 600). Analysis revealed that younger people, compared to the older generation, tend to use text messaging more and phone calls less, and that they view texting as more appropriate and effective. Increased use of texting or calls was associated with increased social presence, appropriateness and effectiveness of texting or calls, respectively. The higher the presence, appropriateness, and effectiveness of texting, the higher the texting preference; the higher the presence, appropriateness, and effectiveness of calls, the lower the texting preference. Even after considering all these factors into account, age remained a significant predictor of texting preference: The younger the participants, the stronger their preference for texting or avoiding phone conversations. There was a significant gap between the 20-30 and 40-50 generations. Nonetheless, young people did not consider texting superior to calls. Social presence of texting was apparently lower than calls regardless of age. Appropriateness and effectiveness were also rated higher for calling than texting, while those in their 20s (Gen Z) viewed texting as equally appropriate and effective as phone calls, but not more so. Interestingly, age was more strongly associated with the perceived appropriateness and effectiveness of texting, while call usage was more strongly associated with those of calling. These findings indicate that attitudes toward texting can be interpreted as generational differences, whereas attitudes toward phone calls can be seen as an effect of maturity. Call anxiety may then diminish as experience with phone call use increases, which should be verified in future studies. As for call anxiety, age also showed a negative relationship, but it was not as strong as with texting preference. Participants in their 20s, 30s, and 40s tended to exhibit similar levels of call anxiety. Our research model overall explained the relationship between age and texting preference better than the relationship between age and call anxiety; however, texting preference was closely related to call anxiety.

Keywords:

Gen Z, Millenials, Texting Preference, Call Anxiety, Call Phobia

키워드:

세대, MZ, 문자 선호, 전화 불안, 콜포비아

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(이 논문은 2023년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임)[NRF-2023S1A5A2A01075488].

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