텔레비전 드라마 속 모성 판타지에 대한 여성주의적 고찰 : KBS 드라마 <동백꽃 필 무렵>을 중심으로
초록
본 연구는 텔레비전 드라마에 투영된 어머니 및 모성에 관한 관념과 규범을 분석한 것이다. 분석 대상은 KBS2-TV의 드라마 <동백꽃 필 무렵>(2019)이다. 이 드라마는 6.3%의 시청률로 출발하여 지속적으로 최고 시청률을 갱신하면서 23.8%로 종영하였다. 잘 만들어진 드라마로 평가를 받으며 많은 상을 받아 사실상 시장성과 화제성, 작품성 등 모든 면에서 인정받았다. <동백꽃>을 분석 대상으로 선정한 이유는 남녀 주인공의 사랑이 스토리의 중심인 것은 사실이지만, 이야기를 든든하게 받치고 있는 것은 다양한 모습으로 표현된 어머니의 모습이었고, 그 중심에는 대중문화 속에 빈번하게 등장하는 모성 판타지가 위치하고 있다고 판단했기 때문이다. 연구 방법으로는 텍스트 분석을 사용하였다. 텍스트 분석은 내용의 심층적 의미에 주의를 기울임으로써 텔레비전과 시청자, 텔레비전과 사회의 관계에 대한 깊은 이해를 제공할 수 있는 장점이 있다고 판단했기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 텍스트의 여러 구성 요소 중에서 특히 등장인물, 주요 인물 간의 관계, 주요 인물들이 각자의 역할을 수행하며 상호 교차하는 에피소드를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 텔레비전 드라마가 내포한 가치와 관념을 포착할 수 있다고 판단하였다. 또한 드라마의 대사는 등장인물의 성격과 역할을 비교적 명료하게 시청자들에게 전달하는 양식 중 하나이기 때문에, 등장인물이 어머니, 어머니 역할, 모성에 대해 직접 언급하는 대사는 모성에 대한 규정과 규범의 판단 근거로 중요하게 활용되었다. 분석 결과, <동백꽃...>에는 모성이 어머니(여성)와 연결된 절대적 가치로서, 본능이고 운명이어서 어떠한 환경에서도 흔들리지 않는 무조건성을 내포한다는 인식이 반영되어 있었다. 그러한 모성의 실천 과정은 도덕적이고 순결해야했다. 또한 모성은 특정 방향으로 성숙의 단계를 거치며, 그 성숙은 자식의 성장 단계와 맞물려있고 자식의 요구에 맞춰진다는 인식이 반영되었다. 그러한 모성은 대물림되며 궁극적으로는 공동체의 영역으로 확장되었다. 모성과 여성성은 공존할 수 있는 가치로 표현되었으나, 모성이 여성으로서의 삶보다 우선하는 가치로 인식되었다. 또한 모성 결핍 대가의 치명성이 강조되었다. 이를 통해 실존할 수 없는 모성에 대한 환상, ‘정상적 모성’에 대한 우리 사회의 기대는 사라진 것이 아니라 단지 말해지지 않았을 뿐, 우리 사회의 심연 속에 숨겨져 있었음을 알 수 있었다. <동백꽃...>의 모성 이야기는 여성 스스로 새로운 권력 관계를 만들어갈 수 있는 전략적 거점이기도 한 ‘어머니’의 가능성을 가부장적 인식의 틀로 제한하고 있었다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the notions and norms of mother and motherhood projected in popular television dramas. A KBS2 drama, When Camellia Blooms (2019), was selected for analysis. The drama started with a view rating of 6.3% and continually updated the highest rating, ending at 23.8%. It generally gained acclaim for the marketability, topicality and workability, and received many awards. When Camellia Blooms was chosen for analysis for the various types of mothers and motherhood behind the main plot of a love affair between the heroine and hero. In the drama, the fantasy of motherhood, which frequently appears in popular culture, is located in the center of the mothers' story. In this study, text analysis was used as a research method. Text analysis has the advantage of providing a deep understanding of the relationship between television and viewers and television and society by paying attention to the latent meaning of the text. The analysis focuses on the characters, the relationships of main characters, and the episodes in which the main characters perform their roles. Since the dialogue is one of the forms to convey the character and role of the characters to viewers relatively clearly, the dialogues in which the characters directly mention the mother, mothering, and motherhood were analyzed as important. According to the research results, When Camellia Blooms reflects the perception that motherhood is an instinct and destiny, an absolute value connected to a mother (female), implied as unconditional and unshakable in any environment. The practice of motherhood had to be moral and pure. The drama reflects the recognition that motherhood goes through the stages of maturity in a specific direction, and that maturity is intertwined with the stage of child growth and is tailored to the needs of the children. Such motherhood was passed on and ultimately expanded into the realm of the community. Motherhood and femininity were expressed as values that could coexist, but motherhood was perceived as a priority over life for women. In addition, the fatality of the maternal deficiency was emphasized. It was thus found that our society's expectations of the 'normal motherhood,' the fantasy of motherhood that could not exist, were not lost, but were hidden in the abyss of our society. The story of motherhood in When Camellia Blooms limited the possibility of 'mother', which is also a strategic base for women to create new power relations themselves, to the framework of patriarchal perception.
Keywords:
Television dramas, Mother, Mothering, Motherhood, Feminism키워드:
텔레비전 드라마, 어머니, 모성, 여성주의References
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