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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 65, No. 6, pp.5-46
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2021
Received 04 Oct 2021 Accepted 01 Dec 2021 Revised 07 Dec 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2021.65.6.001

어린이 미디어 이용에 관한 부모 중재효과 연구 : 성향점수매칭을 활용한 복합설문분석

박인서** ; 백영민***
**연세대 통계데이터사이언스학과 석사과정 rinseo@yonsei.ac.kr
***연세대 언론홍보영상학부 부교수 ymbaek@yonsei.ac.kr
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Parental Mediation on Children’s Media Use : Propensity Score Matching with Complex Survey Data
Rinseo Park** ; Young Min Baek***
**Graduate Student, Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University rinseo@yonsei.ac.kr
***Associate Professor, Department of Communication, Yonsei University, corresponding author ymbaek@yonsei.ac.kr

초록

현대사회에서 어린이는 끊임없이 전자·디지털 미디어에 노출되며, 성장기 어린이의 발달과 건강을 위해 부모의 미디어 중재 역할이 더없이 강조되고 있다. 이에 따라 정성적 연구방법이 주류를 이루었던 어린이 미디어 이용 연구에 대해서도 정량적 연구방법을 통한 부모 중재효과의 체계적 측정이 요구되고 있다. 그러나 정량적 연구방법을 택하는 경우, 조사설계나 데이터의 특성이 데이터 분석단계에서 충분히 반영되지 않는 문제가 빈번하게 발생한다. 특히 ‘만 10세 미만의 어린이’를 대상으로 한 기존 미디어 이용 연구들은 대부분 통계적 대표성을 담보할 수 없는 비과학적 표집 방식 혹은 표본 설계를 고려하지 않은 분석 기법을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 그에 대한 방법론적 대안으로써 성향점수매칭 및 복합설문분석 기법을 소개하고, 제안된 방법을 이용해 한국언론진흥재단 <2020 어린이 미디어 이용조사>에 나타난 부모 중재효과를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 부모의 ‘제한적 중재(restrictive mediation)’ 중 (1) 비밀번호를 설정하거나 (2) 콘텐츠를 제한하는 방식은 자녀의 미디어 이용시간을 줄이는 효과가 발견되었으나, 이용일수 측면에서는 감소효과가 뚜렷하지 않았다. (3) 미디어이용관리 프로그램 및 앱은 실제로 미디어 이용량 감소효과는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았으나, 해당 중재방식을 선택한 부모들에게서는 자녀의 미디어 이용량을 많이 감소시킬수록 중재방식의 인지된 유용성이 증가하는 것이 확인되었다. 아울러 성향점수매칭 및 복합설문분석 결과를 비교함으로써 각각 공변량 및 표본설계를 고려하는 것이 타당한 추론으로 이어짐을 실증하였다. 결론 및 제언으로 방법론적 측면에 주목하여 연구의 함의 및 확장가능성을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Nowadays children are continually exposed to electronic and digital media, calling for parental mediation to secure children’s healthy growth and development. Despite the fact that previous studies on children’s media use have mostly relied on qualitative research examining a limited number of parents, there is a growing demand for systematical estimation of the effect of parental mediation. Nevertheless, for large-scale quantitative research, research design or data structure have not been properly discussed, nor have they even been considered, especially for children younger than 10 years. As a methodological alternative, our research introduces propensity score matching and complex survey analysis to study in depth complex surveys on children’s media use, and to properly address their methodological issues or concerns. Using the Children and Media in Korea 2020 survey data, gathered and maintained by the Korea Press Foundation, we estimated the treatment effect of three restrictive mediation strategies: using (1) passwords, (2) content-filters, and (3) management programs or applications. The results and discussion are two-fold. First, upon examination of average treatment effects for the treated (ATT) on hours and days of media use, passwords and content-filters significantly reduced children’s overall media use; however, the effect of parental mediation adopting management programs or applications was statistically insignificant. Second, we examined the individual treatment effect (ITE) on perceived usefulness of mediation. Among the three mediation strategies, only management programs or applications showed a significant positive correlation between the estimated individual treatment and the perceived effectiveness of mediation. It can be inferred that parents who use management programs or applications focus on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of mediation. This research finding has important policy implications, as it suggests that parents have different motivations or purposes for choosing a specific mediation strategy to monitor their children’s media use, as well as perceptions regarding the chosen strategy’s treatment effect or perceived usefulness. In the policy making process, therefore, effective mediation strategies for specific purposes or different types of family should be taken into consideration. Additionally, the methodological implications and suggestions for future studies were discussed. This study clearly shows that researchers conducting secondary analysis of public survey data gathered via multi-stage cluster sampling should take into account both the ‘confounding effect’ and ‘design effect.’ In particular, the design effect was closely related to the validity of statistical inferences using complex survey data, consideration of which made notable changes in our estimates of average and individual treatment effects. It is strongly suggested for future studies to employ complex survey analysis techniques to the Children and Media in Korea 2020 survey data or other similar data sources.

Keywords:

propensity score matching (PSM), complex survey analysis (CSA), parental mediation, children’s media use

키워드:

복합설문분석, 성향점수매칭, 부모 중재, 어린이 미디어 이용

Acknowledgments

This study is based on the paper presented at the 6th Annual Korea Press Foundation Conference Using the KPF Media Statistics Data, November 27, 2021 (이 논문은 2021년 11월 27일 개최되었던 한국언론진흥재단 주최 ‘제6회 언론 통계 자료 활용 학술대회’에서 발표한 논문을 수정 및 보완한 것입니다).

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Appendix

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