Your browser does not support the PubReader view.
Go to this page to see a list of supporting browsers.
The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 65, No. 6, pp.88-146
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2021
Received 08 Oct 2021 Accepted 01 Dec 2021 Revised 07 Dec 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2021.65.6.003

미세먼지 언론 보도 내용분석 : 충남지역 미세먼지 관련 전국지와 지역지 비교

이현승** ; 김혜정*** ; 한지원**** ; 이성주***** ; 김영욱******
**이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어연구소 연구위원 coolshey@hanmail.net
***이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 박사과정 leslie1982hj@gmail.com
****이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 박사과정 venustus@hanmail.net
*****이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 석사과정 iiilsj@naver.com
******이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 교수 kimyw@ewha.ac.kr
News Media Coverage of Particulate Matter(PM) : Comparing National and Local News Frames of the Chungcheongnam-do PM case
Hyunseung Lee** ; Hyejung Kim*** ; Jiwon Han**** ; Sungju Lee***** ; Yungwook Kim******
**Researcher, Ewha Womans University, first author coolshey@hanmail.net
***Ph. D., student, Ewha Womans University leslie1982hj@gmail.com
****Ph. D., student, Ewha Womans University venustus@hanmail.net
*****M.A., student, Ewha Womans University iiilsj@naver.com
******Professor, Ewha Womans University, corresponding author kimyw@ewha.ac.kr

Contributed by footnote: ****** : Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea, 03760, (Tel) +82-2-3277-2237

초록

오늘날 우리가 경험하는 미세먼지와 같은 위험들은 존재론적 보편성을 띠지만 인식론적 특수성으로 인해 동일한 위험에 대해서도 상이한 위험 인식이 나타난다. 이는 위험과 연관된 다양한 공중들에 의해 위험이 정의됨을 의미한다. 이러한 상황에서 뉴스 미디어는 위험에 대한 과학 정보와 위험 특성, 위험에 대한 다양한 의견들을 대중들이 접할 수 있도록 매개하는 핵심적인 역할을 담당한다. 그러나 뉴스가 위험을 표상하는 과정에서 항상 긍정적인 역할만 수행하는 것은 아니다. 미디어는 그 속성 상 대중들의 관심을 끌 수 있는 사회적 파급력이 큰 사건을 강력하고 자극적으로 보도하려는 경향이 있으며, 위험의 특정 부분을 과장하고 나머지 부분을 생략함으로써 선택적이며 편향된 위험 정보를 전달하려는 경향이 나타난다. 특히, 위험의 원인이 불확실하고 그 영향이 크게 나타날 경우 이러한 경향이 더 두드러지게 나타난다. 이러한 상황에서 의제설정이론과 프레이밍이론을 토대로 내용분석을 통해 충남지역 미세먼지 위험의 보도 특성을 파악하고, 미세먼지를 둘러싼 핵심 이슈와 미세먼지 발생 요인, 해결방안, 갈등 주제와 주요 행위자 등에 대한 프레임이 어떻게 형성되며, 어떠한 정보원이 미세먼지 위험의 중요 정의자로 등장하는지 전국지와 지역지 간에 비교해 보는 것은 뉴스 미디어가 충남지역 미세먼지 위험 세계를 어떻게 구성하고 있는지 파악해 보는 중요한 수단이 될 수 있다고 보았다. 보도 특성 분석 결과, 충남지역 미세먼지 이슈는 2019년부터 석탄화력발전과 제철소 등 사업장을 중심으로 이슈화되기 시작했으며, 사건 중심의 단순 정보 전달 기사, 미세먼지와 관련 없는 자료 제시, 중립적 보도 태도 등이 다수를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 프레임 분석 결과, 충남지역 미세먼지 보도는 미세먼지 발생 책임과 대응 간의 유기적 연결 속에서 이루어지고 있었으나, 이를 과도하게 단순화하여 특정한 사건으로 보도하려는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 충남지역 미세먼지 보도가 단편적이고, 파편적이며, 피상적으로 이루어지고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 정부 및 정치인은 가장 많이 활용되는 정보원일 뿐 아니라 갈등의 주요 행위자이며, 미세먼지 위험을 해결해야 하는 주체로 등장해 충남지역 미세먼지 문제에 있어 주요 정의자로 기능하고 있었다. 그러나 전국지와 지역지 간에 보도 특성과 보도 프레임, 정보원 특성, 갈등 구조에서 통계적으로 확인 가능한 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 지역성과 근접성을 기반으로 지역 내 위험 문제에 대해 지역 언론의 보다 심도 있는 보도가 요구된다.

Abstract

Risks including the particulate matter (PM) risk have been treated as an objective field, but recently, the view that risks should be viewed subjectively has grown as studies have found perceptions of the same risk to vary among people. This means risks are defined by the publics who are involved with the risk initiation, processes, and outcomes. In this context, the news media play a pivotal role as the dominant communication channel for the publics to get acquainted with diverse opinions about scientific information, characteristics, and severity of risks, which normally are invisible. However, the news does not always play a positive role in representing risks. Media, by its nature, tend to report sensitive and stimulating events with high social spillover, exaggerating certain aspects of the risk and omitting the rest. This kind of media reporting practice results in the formation of biased public opinion with selective risk information. This tendency is more pronounced when the cause of the risk is uncertain, the impact is greater, and when the consensus is not well established. A such, it is important to investigate how the media construct the PM risk. Since the PM risk is serious in the Chungnam region, it is also important to find out what kind of difference there is in the way national and local newspapers handle the PM risk. Based on this background, the study examined the news media representations of the PM risk through the content analysis based on agenda-setting theory and framing theory. Specifically, this study aimed to analyze news media coverage between national and local news frames about PM in the Province of Chungnam in order to investigate media representations, frames, news sources, and conflict structures. The results showed that the perceptions of PM risks in the Chungnam region were amplified due to workplace emissions such as coal-fired power stations and steel mills from 2019. The majority of articles represent simple information, mere data remotely related to PM, and neutral news coverage. The framing analysis results showed that PM-related news in the Chungnam region explained well the relationship between responsibility attributions and countermeasures for decreasing the level of PM. But there was a tendency to oversimplify and cover the PM issue as an independent event. This suggests that the news coverage on the PM issue in the Chungnam region is fragmentary and superficial without specific and clear solutions. The government and politicians, being the most used news sources and even the main actors in conflicts, have emerged as the key players to solve the PM risk. Furthermore, they functioned as the primary definer for the PM problem in the Chungnam region. However, there were no statistically significant differences between national and local newspaper coverages in the areas of media representations, frames, news sources, and conflict structures. These results suggest that local media should report more in-depth local risk issues based on locality and risk proximity. More theoretical implications were discussed based on the results.

Keywords:

Particulate Matter(PM), Content analysis, Risk communication, News frames, Environmental conflicts

키워드:

미세먼지, 내용분석, 위험 커뮤니케이션, 뉴스프레임, 환경 갈등

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Technology Develpoment Program to Solve Climate Changes through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT (2019M1A2A2103953) (이 논문은 2019년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국 연구재단-기후변화대응기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No. 2019M1A2A2103953)

References

  • Air Korea Air Environment Annual Report (2019) [electronic copy] Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.airkorea.or.kr/web/detailViewDown?pMENU_NO=125
  • Anderson, A. (1997). Media, culture and the environment. London: UCL Press.
  • Bak, H.-J. (2004). Multi-dimensionality of risk perceptions and risk conflicts-implications of social scientific understandings of the public risk perceptions for risk communication. ECO, 8-40.
  • Ball-Rokeach, S., & DeFleur, M. (1976). A dependency model of mass media effects. Communication Research, 3, 3-21. [https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027600300101]
  • Bayulgen, O., & Benegal, S. (2019). Green Priorities: How economic frames affect perceptions of renewable energy in the United States. Energy Research & Social Science, 47, 28-36. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.08.017]
  • Beck, U. (1986). Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem weg in eine andere moderne. Frankfurt: Suhrkarnp.
  • Bell, S. (1994). Reading, writing & rewriting the prostitute body. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Bennett, P. (1999). Governing environmental risk: regulation, insurance and moral economy. Progress in Human Geography, 23(2), 189–208. [https://doi.org/10.1177/030913259902300203]
  • Boyce, T., & Lewis, J. (2009). Climate change and the media. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Brown, J. D., Bybee, C. R., Wearden, S. T., & Straughn, D. M. (1987). Invisible power: Newspaper news sources and the limits of diversity. Journalism Quarterly, 64, 45–54. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908706400106]
  • Byun, T.-S. (2015, March 5). The particulate matter of death emitted by thermal power plants kills 1,600 people a year. Hankook Ilbo, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201503050431698771
  • Castells, M. (2009). Communication power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cha, S.-W. (2020, November 15). Integrated management of 38 air pollution monitoring networks in Chungcheongnam-do. Chungcheong Maeil, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ccdn.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=673509#09SX
  • Chinn, S., Hart, P. S., & Soroka, S. (2020). Politicization and polarization in climate change news content, 1985-2017. Science Communication, 42(1), 112-129. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547019900290]
  • Cho, Y., Yoo, S., & Han, Y. (2015). An exploratory study on the relationof the abusing of news articles and the portal site’s supply system and supplier’s status: Focusing on ‘Naver’. Korean Journal of Journalsim & Communication Studies, 59(6), 314-338.
  • Choi, H. (2019, April 1). Dangjin Environmental Movement Association "Criminalization of Hyundai Steel's Dangjin Factory, the culprit behind particulate matter". Oh My News. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002523928&CMPT_CD=P0010&utm_source=naver&utm_medium=newsearch&utm_campaign=naver_news
  • Choi, J.-H., Kwak, E.-A., & Han, D.-S. (2016). A comparative study on the uses of news sources between National and Local journalism. Journal of Communication Science, 16(2), 214-241. [https://doi.org/10.14696/jcs.2016.06.16.2.214]
  • Choi, N.-J. (2004). A comparative study of Local newspapers' news frame focus on nuclear waste site reporting. Korean Journal of Communication & Information, 283-316.
  • Choi, S.-J. (2020, July 25). A ‘solar power plant’ built in place of a coal power plant after a 10-year conflict. KBS News. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=4502708&ref=A
  • Cohl, H. A. (1997). Are we scaring ourselves to death?. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.
  • Cottle, S. (2003). Media Organisation and Production. London: Sage.
  • Cottle, S. (2013). TV news, lay voices and the visualisation of environmental risks. In: Allan S., Adam B., and Carter C. (eds), Environmental Risks and the Media (pp.29-44). London: Routledge.
  • Cottle, S., & Lester, L. (2011). Transnational protests and the media. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Cox, R. (2010). Environmental communication and the public sphere (2nd ed.). California: SAGE Publications.
  • Dangjin Newspaper (2019, March 6). Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Assembly strongly proposes early closing of old coal-fired power plants. Dangjin Newspaper, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.idjnews.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=57173
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fracture paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x]
  • Gamson, W. A. (1988). A constructionist approach to mass media and public opinion. Symbolic Interaction, 11, 161-174. [https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1988.11.2.161]
  • Gamson, W. A., & Lasch, K. E. (1983). The political culture of social welfare policy. [On-Line] Retrieved 8/11/20 from https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/51014/242.pdf [https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-657980-2.50032-2]
  • Gamson, W. A., & Modiglianin, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1-37. [https://doi.org/10.1086/229213]
  • Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the news left. CA: University of California Press.
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Framing analysis. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Greenberg, M. R., Sachsman, D. B., Sandman, P. M., & Salomone, K. L. (1989). Network evening news coverage of environmental risk. Risk Analysis, 9(1), 119-126. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1989.tb01227.x]
  • Griffin, R., Dunwoody, S., & Gehrmann, C. (1995). The effects of community pluralism on press coverage of health risks from local environmental contamination. Risk Analysis, 15(4), 449–58. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00337.x]
  • Guo, Y., Li, Y., & Chen, L. (2020). After Fukushima: How do news media impact Japanese public's risk perception and anxiety regarding nuclear radiation. Environmental Communication, 14(1), 97-111. [https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2019.1614966]
  • Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J., & Roberts, B. (1978). Policing the crisis: Mugging the state and law and order. London: Macmillan. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15881-2]
  • Han, D.-S. (2000). Primary definers, economic basis, and political agenda – A case study. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 44(2), 215-245.
  • Han, D.-S., Yu, S.-H. (2008). A study of anonymous news source in the newspapers' reports : Focus on controversies of U.S. beef imports. Journal of Communication Science, 8(4), 702-739.
  • Han, J.-G. (2017, September 11). 7 out of 10 people in Chungcheongnam-do "Severe particulate matter… inconvenient living". Yunhap news. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170911067300063?input=1195m
  • Hornig, S. (1990). Science stories: Risk, power and perceived emphasis. Journalism Quarterly, 67(4), 767-776. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909006700431]
  • Houston, J. B., Pfefferbaum, B., & Rosenholtz, C. E. (2012). Disaster news: Framing and frame changing in coverage of major US natural disasters, 2000-2010. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(4), 606-623. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699012456022]
  • Hwang, A., & Na, E.-Y. (2018). Content analysis of news coverage with regard to mental health: Focusing on news frame and tone. Health and Social Welfare Review, 38(4), 290-322. [https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2018.38.4.290]
  • Im, H. (2012, September 25). Intensified headwinds from nuclear power... U-turn to the era of coal-fired power generation. Oh My News. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0006473749&code=11131700
  • In, T. (2017, April 2). [Feature] It is urgent to expand renewable energy power generation facilities and energy saving campaigns. Chungcheong Today, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1050768
  • Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226388533.001.0001]
  • Iyengar, S., & Simon, A. (1993). News coverage of the Gulf crisis and public opinion: A study of agenda-setting, priming, and framing. Communication Research, 20(3), 365-368. [https://doi.org/10.1177/009365093020003002]
  • Jin, S.-H. (2012). Analysis of Koreans' perceptions of nuclear energy after the Fukushima accident. Korean Public Administration Quarterly, 24(4), 1011-1036.
  • Jeong, N.-R. (2007). Analysis of domestic media reporting on environmental issues. Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies Conference Thesis Collection, 19-21.
  • Jeong, Y-S. (2020, July 21). Dangjin Environmental Movement Association, ‘Existing blind spots in Hyundai Steel’s pollutant emission management’. Dangjin Newspaper, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.idjnews.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=123816
  • Jonsson, A. M. (2011). Framing environmental risks in the Baltic sea: A news media analysis. AMBIO, 40, 121-132. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0124-2]
  • Jung, Y. B. (2020). How does media report Jeju 4·3? : A comparative study of conservative, progressive and Local newspaper. Korean Association For Communication & Information Studies, 101, 399-439. [https://doi.org/10.46407/kjci.2020.06.101.399]
  • Kasperson, R. E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H. S., Emel, J., Globle, R., Kasperson, J. X., & Ratick, S. (1988). The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis, 8, 177-187. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x]
  • Keum, H. (2012). Media use and environmental activism : The mediating processes of cognitive and emotional variables. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 56(4), 5-28.
  • Kim, B. (2015). An exploratory study of the affecting factors for preventing abusing of news articles when developing portals search algorithm. Communication Theories, 11(3), 47-89.
  • Kim, B.-H. (2020, November 4). ‘Government to phase out nuclear power, Chungnam-do to phase out coal’… Recommendation of early closure of thermal power plants. JoongAng Ilbo, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://news.joins.com/article/23911548
  • Kim, D.-G. (2000). New direction for news reporting of social conflicts. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 45(1), 5-32.
  • Kim, D. Y. (2015). Media manners and frames on the north Korea nuclear test: comparing with conservative, progressive and local newspaper. Journal of Communication Science, 15(1), 48-87. [https://doi.org/10.14696/jcs.2015.03.15.1.48]
  • Kim, J., & Kweon, S.-H. (2020). A study on the news frame about the issues of social conflicts : Focused on the ‘nuclear-exit’ policy of the Moon Jae-in government. Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies, 34(2), 5-43.
  • Kim, J.-B., Yoon, S.-H., Jeong, S.-H., Kim, S.-H., & Lee, S.-S. (2019). Emission status of air pollutants and local air pollution levels in Chungcheongnam-do. Korea Society for Atmospheric Environment Conference Thesis Collection, 102-102.
  • Kim, J.-M. (2018, March 27). Yang Seung-jo announces the ‘Clean Chungcheong Project’ with an investment of KRW 7 trillion. Segye Ilbo, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.segye.com/newsView/20180327011226
  • Kim, S.-E., & Lee, S.-S. (2012). Social conflict and the media : An analysis of news sources' characteristics in the reportage of Jeju naval base construction. Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies, 26(5), 7-43.
  • Kim, S.-J. (2020, April 5). Ultraparticulate matter in Chungnam rose sharply last year. Daejeon Ilbo. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.daejonilbo.com/news/newsitem.asp?pk_no=1417197
  • Kim, T.-W. (2019, April 22). Dangjin Thermal Power Headquarters, business agreement with UN-supported SDGs Association. News 1, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.news1.kr/articles/?3603161
  • Kim W. Y., & Lee D. H. (2005). A comparative study on the frame of various news media – A frame analysis of the domestic nuclear news. Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies, 19(4), 168-213.
  • Kim, Y., Lee, H., Jang, Y., & Lee, H. (2015). How does media construct particulate matter risks?. Korean Journal of Journalsim & Communication Studies, 59(2), 121-154.
  • Kim, Y.-W. (2006). Risk society and risk communication: Reflectivity on risk and the need of communication. Communication Theories, 2(2), 192-232.
  • Kim, Y.-W. (2014). Risk communication. Seoul: Communication Books.
  • Kim, Y.-W. (2021). Risk communication-blocked society. Seoul: Ewha University Press.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2004). Measuring the reliability of qualitative text analysis data. Quality and Quantity, 38, 787-800. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-004-8107-7]
  • Kwak, E.-A., & Han, D. (2017). Environmental risk communication- An analysis of news framing on particulate matter in Chinese Newspapers. Crisonomy, 13(12), 1-16. [https://doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2017.13.12.1]
  • Lee, G., & Koh, H. (2009). Korean newspapers political orientation featuring in US beef imports articles : Analysis of source information valence in five newspapers. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 53(3), 347-369.
  • Lee, H.-O., & Lee. B.-K. (2005). A framing analysis of the media news coverage on a radioactive waste disposal site issue in Buan. Journal of Communication Science, 5(3), 516-547.
  • Lee, H.-Y., & Yun, S.-J. (2013). An analysis of news coverage on conflicts concerning transmission line construction in Miryang– From a perspective of environmental justice. Economy and Society, 40-76.
  • Lee, J.-G. (2020, December 14). Transition of energy led by citizens... Dangjin’s bold challenge as a ‘thermal power city’. Hankyoreh. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/974055.html
  • Lee, J. H. (2019). Semantic network analysis of 2019 Gangwon-do wild fire news reporting: Focusing on media agenda analysis. Korean Journal of Contents, 19(11), 153-167.
  • Lee J.-H., Ko, J.-W., Koo, H., Kim, B., Kim, M., Kim, E., Kim, E., Song, H., An, J., Lee, S., Lee, J., Lee, J.-A., Lee, J., Jung, M., Jung, M., & Hong, S. (2016). A Study on the trends of Korean journalists reporting for a humidifier dsinfectant Scandal. ECO, 20(2), 351-398.
  • Lee, M.-K., & Lee, Y.-R. (2012). A news frame study of domestic Korean newspapers' coverage on animal infectious disease: Focused on the case of Foot-and-Mouth disease reporting among National & Regional newspapers. Journal of Communication Science, 12(2), 378-414.
  • Lee, S., & Choi, J. (2017). How was the local government`s press release reflected in the national and local newspapers?: Focusing on comparison of frames used on the heavy snowfall disaster in Jeju. Journal of Communication Science, 17(1), 28-55. [https://doi.org/10.14696/jcs.2017.03.17.1.28]
  • Lee, S.-W. (2018, January 24). Chungcheongnam-do “prompt treatment of particulate matter reduction method” Chungcheong Today, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1112838
  • Lippmann, W. (1992). Public opinion. New York: Free Press.
  • Lowe, P., & Morrison, D. (1984). Bad news or good news: Environmental politics and the mass media. Sociological Review, 32(1), 75-90. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1984.tb00780.x]
  • McCombs, M. E. (2004). Setting the agenda—The mass media and public opinion. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176-187. [https://doi.org/10.1086/267990]
  • McCombs, M., & Valenzuela, S. (2014). Agenda setting theory: The frontier research questions. In K. Kenski & K. H. Jamieson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political communication (ch. 30). NY: Oxford University Press. [https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.48]
  • Na, M., & Kim, S. (2014). A study on the frame of television news reports on Chonbuk bus strike : Focusing on prime time reports of Chonbuk Local televisions. Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(5), 377-394. [https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.5.377]
  • Na, W.-G. (2020, June 10). Chungcheongnam-do "I respect the decision of the judiciary to suspend the operation of Hyundai Steel, but it is regrettable". Chungcheong Today, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=2075186
  • Nelkin, D. (1987). Selling science: How the press covers science and technology. New York: WH Freeman and Company.
  • Neuman, W. R., Just, M. R., & Crigler, A. N. (1992). Common knowledge: News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226161174.001.0001]
  • Oh, C. W., & Song, H. S. (2020). Politicized environmental issues : Differences in semantic network to policy utilization of ‘nuclear power plants’ by government. Korean Journal of Social Science, 39(2), 83-125. [https://doi.org/10.18284/jss.2020.08.39.2.83]
  • Paek, Y.-J., Cho, H.-J., & Kim, J.-H. (2017). Content analysis of news coverage on stigma and attribution regarding mental illness. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 61(4), 7-43.
  • Park, B.-S. (2017, June 12). Reinforcement of air pollution standards in Chungcheongnam-do. Chungcheong Ilbo, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ccdailynews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=926302
  • Park, K. S. (2011). A news frame analysis on socially controversial issue: Comparing three Korean daily newspapers attitude on Lee Myung-bak governments the four major rivers restoration project. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 55(4), 5-26.
  • Park S.-G. (2020, May 28). In Dangjin, particulate matter decreased significantly in April compared to the previous year. Joongdo Ilbo, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.joongdo.co.kr/web/view.php?key=20200528010009708
  • Park, S. (2020). How celebrities’ green messages on twitter influence public attitudes and behavioral intentions to mitigate climate change. Sustainability, 12(19), 7948. [https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197948]
  • Price, V., & Tewksbury, D. (1997). News values and public opinion: A theoretical account of media priming and framing. In G. A. Barrett & F. J. Boster (Eds.), Progress in communication sciences: Advances in persuasion (pp. 173–212). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.
  • Rhee, J. W., & Kim, S.-H. (2018). News frames in the coverage of fine-dust disaster – Application of structural topic modeling. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 62(4), 125-158. [https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2018.62.4.004]
  • Rogers, E. M., & Dearing, J. W. (1988). Agenda-setting research: Where has it been, where is it going. In J. Anderson(Ed.), Communication Yearbook 11 (pp.555-594). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. [https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1988.11678708]
  • Sandman, P. M. (1994). Mass media and environmental risk: Seven principles. Risk, 5, 251-260.
  • Seale, C. (2002). Media & Health. London: Sage.
  • Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influence on mass media content (2nd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman Publishers.
  • Seo, S.-J. (2016, July 25). Dangjin Mayor Kim Hong-jang, on fighting spirit with IV drip worsening health on the 6th day of hunger strike. Chungnam Ilbo, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.chungnamilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=371464
  • Shin, D. (2014). A study of internet portal's journalistic role: Focusing on the conflicts between journalism and portals. Communication Theories, 10(1), 169-212.
  • Shin, S.-W. (2016, June 29). A petrochemical complex, a thermal power plant, and a steel complex in one place… anxious residents. No cut news, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.nocutnews.co.kr/news/4615104
  • Sigal, L. V. (1973). Reporters and officials: The organization and politics of news making. Lexington, MA: Heath.
  • Singer, E., & Endreny, P. M. (1987). Reporting hazards: Their benefits and costs. Journal of Communication, 37(3), 10–26. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1987.tb00991.x]
  • Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236, 280–285. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507]
  • Son, Y.-J. (2004). The effects of media use on conservative and progressive opinion. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 48(2), 240-266.
  • Song, K.-W., & Choi, Y.-R. (2020, June 9). The central administrative tribunal decided that “Chungnam Province’s suspension of Hyundai Steel’s operation was unfair.”. Hankyoreh, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/948660.html
  • Sood, R., Stockdale, G., & Rogers, E. M. (1987). How the news media operate in natural disasters. Journal of Communication, 37(4), 27–41. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1987.tb00992.x]
  • Tankard, J., Hendrickson, L., Silberman, J., Bliss, K., & Ghanem, S. (1991, August). Media frames: Approaches to conceptualization and measurement. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Boston: MA.
  • Trumbo, C. (1996). Constructing climate change: Claims and frames in U.S. newspaper coverage of an environmental issue. Public Understanding of Science, 5(3), 269–83. [https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/5/3/006]
  • Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: The Free Press
  • Tyshenko, M. G. (2014). Nanotechnology framing in the Canadian national news media. Technology in Society, 37, 38-48. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.07.001]
  • Valkenburg, P., Semetko, H., and de Vreese, C. (1999). The effects of news frames on readers' thoughts and recall, Communication Research, 26(5), 550–569. [https://doi.org/10.1177/009365099026005002]
  • Wagner, T. (2008). Reframing ecotage as ecoterrorism: News and the discourse of fear. Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 2(1), 25-39. [https://doi.org/10.1080/17524030801945617]
  • Weaver, D. H. (2007). Thoughts on agenda setting, framing, and priming, Journal of Communication, 57(1), 142-147. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00333.x]
  • Webpage of the relevant authorities. (2021). Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.knewdeal.go.kr/front/view/newDeal02_02.do
  • Weon, M.-H., & Chae, B. (2007). A comparative analysis of news frames on "the KTX tunnel project in mount Chonsong" between National and Local newspapers. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 51(1), 199-228.
  • Wilkins, L., & Patterson, P. (1987). Risk analysis and the construction of news. Journal of Communication, 37(3), 80–92. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1987.tb00996.x]
  • Wimmer, R., & Dominick, J. R. (2005). Hypothesis testing. In Wimmer R, & Dominick JR. (Eds.), Mass Media Research. Connecticut (pp. 283-290) Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Yang, J. (2000). Signifying strategies of the media and hegemony: A case study of the role of the media in an elite conflict. Media & Society, 43-84.
  • Yang, J. (2001). Media framing of a social conflict– A case study of medical doctors' strike in Korea. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 45(2), 248-315.
  • Yoo, J.-J. (2014, December 19). Residents around coal-fired power plants are seriously ill... enough to stop. Oh My News, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002064548
  • Yun, S.-J., & Pak, H. (2011). The social construction and communication of the risk caused by oil spills : Centering on the media coverage on the voluntary work during the aftermath of the Samsung Heavy Industries-Hebei Spirit oil spill. ECO, 15(1), 7-51.

Appendix

부록

  • 곽은아·한동섭 (2017). 환경 위험커뮤니케이션- 중국 신문의 미세먼지 보도 프레임 연구. <위기관리 이론과 실천>, 13권 12호, 1-16.
  • 김동규 (2000). 사회갈등 보도의 새로운 방향 찾기. <한국언론학보>, 45권 1호, 5-32.
  • 김동윤 (2015). 정권시기별 ‘북핵 실험 및 미사일 발사’관련 보도양상과 프레임: 보수지와 진보지, 그리고 지역지간 비교를 중심으로. <언론과학연구>, 15권 1호, 48-87.
  • 김방현 (2020, 11, 4). ‘정부는 탈원전, 충남은 탈석탄’…화력발전소 조기 폐쇄 건의. <중앙일보>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://news.joins.com/article/23911548
  • 김성준 (2020, 4, 5). 충남지역 초미세먼지 지난해 큰 폭으로 상승. <대전일보>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.daejonilbo.com/news/newsitem.asp?pk_no=1417197
  • 김성진·나미수 (2014). 버스파업에 대한 텔레비전 뉴스의 프레임 연구. <디지털융복합연구>, 12권 5호, 377-394.
  • 김세은·이승선 (2012). 사회 갈등과 미디어: 제주해군기지 건설 관련 방송 뉴스의 취재원 특성 분석. <한국방송학보>, 26권 5호, 7-43.
  • 김영욱 (2006). 위험사회와 위험 커뮤니케이션. <커뮤니케이션 이론>, 2권 2호, 192-232.
  • 김영욱 (2014). 위험 커뮤니케이션. 서울: 커뮤니케이션북스.
  • 김영욱 (2021). 위험불통사회. 서울: 이화여대출판원.
  • 김영욱·이현승·장유진·이혜진 (2015). 언론은 미세먼지 위험을 어떻게 구성하는가?. <한국언론학보>, 59권 2호, 121-154.
  • 김원용·이동훈 (2005). 핵폐기장 중심 원자력 관련 보도에 나타난 매체별 갈등보도의 프레임 비교 연구 <한국방송학보>, 19권 4호, 168-213.
  • 김병희 (2015). 포털의 검색 알고리즘 개발에서 기사 어뷰징 방지를 위한 영향요인 탐색. <커뮤니케이션 이론>, 11권 3호, 47-89.
  • 김정모 (2018, 3, 27). 양승조, 7조원 투자규모 ‘맑은 충청 프로젝트’ 발표. <세계일보>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.segye.com/newsView/20180327011226
  • 김종범·윤수향·정석한·김세호·이상신 (2019). 충청남도의 대기오염물질 배출현황 및 지역별 대기오염 수준. <한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집>, 102-102.
  • 김지주·권상희 (2020). 사회적 갈등 이슈에 대한 뉴스 프레임 연구: 문재인 정부의 탈원전 정책을 중심으로. <한국방송학보>, 34권 2호, 5-43.
  • 김태완 (2019, 4, 22). 당진화력본부, UN지원 SDGs협회와 업무협약. <뉴스1>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.news1.kr/articles/?3603161
  • 금희조 (2012). 미디어 이용과 환경 이슈에 관한 시민 참여. <한국언론학보>, 56권 4호, 5-28.
  • 나운규 (2020, 6, 10). 충남도 “현대제철 조업정지 처분 행심위 결정 존중하지만 아쉬워”. <충청투데이>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=2075186
  • 당진신문 (2019, 3, 6). 충남도의회, 노후 석탄화력발전소 조기 폐쇄 강력 건의. <당진신문>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.idjnews.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=57173
  • 박기수 (2011). 4대강 사업 뉴스에 대한 보도 프레임 연구. <한국언론학보>, 55권 4호, 5-26.
  • 박보성 (2017, 6, 12). 충남 대기오염 기준 강화. <충청일보>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ccdailynews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=926302
  • 박승군 (2020, 5, 28). 당진, 올4월 미세먼지 전년대비 큰 폭 감소. <중도일보>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.joongdo.co.kr/web/view.php?key=20200528010009708
  • 박희제 (2004). [연구논문] 위험인식의 다면성과 위험갈등 - 위험인식에 대한 사회과학적 이해가 위험정보소통 체계에 주는 함의. <환경사회학연구 ECO>, 8-40.
  • 백혜진·조혜진·김정현 (2017). 정신질환의 낙인과 귀인에 대한 언론 보도 분석. <한국언론학보>, 61권 4호, 7-43.
  • 변태섭 (2015, 3, 5). “화력발전소가 내뿜는 죽음의 초미세먼지, 연 1600명 앗아 가”. <한국일보>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201503050431698771
  • 서세진 (2016, 7, 25). 김홍장 당진 시장, 단식농성 6일째 건강악화 속 링거투혼. <충남일보>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.chungnamilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=371464
  • 손영준 (2004). 미디어 이용이 보수 진보적 의견에 미치는 영향. <한국언론학보>, 48권 2호, 240-266.
  • 송경화·최예린 (2020, 6, 9). 중앙행심위 “충남도의 현대제철 조업정지 처분 부당” 결정. <한겨레>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/948660.html
  • 신동희 (2014). 인터넷 포털의 저널리즘적 역할에 관한 고찰: 언론과 포털의 갈등구조를 중심으로. <커뮤니케이션이론>, 10권 1호, 169-212.
  • 신석우 (2016, 6, 29). 석유화학단지와 화력발전소, 철강단지가 한 곳에…불안한 주민들. <노컷뉴스>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.nocutnews.co.kr/news/4615104
  • 양정혜 (2000). 대중매체의 의미화 전략과 헤게모니-엘리트 갈등에서 언론의 역할에 대한 사례연구. <언론과 사회>, 43-84.
  • 양정혜 (2001). 사회갈등의 의미 구성하기. <한국언론학보>, 45권 2호, 248-315.
  • 에어코리아 대기환경연보 (2019) [전자매체본] Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.airkorea.or.kr/web/detailViewDown?pMENU_NO=125
  • 원만해·채백 (2007). ‘천성산 고속철도 관통’ 보도에서 나타나는 중앙지와 지역지의 뉴스 프레임 비교 연구. <한국언론학보>, 51권 1호, 199-228.
  • 오창우·송형석 (2020). ‘환경’ 이슈의 정치화에 관한 연구: 정권별 ‘원전’의 정책적 활용에 따른 의미연결망의 차이. <한국사회과학연구>, 39권 2호, 83-125.
  • 유종준 (2014, 12, 19). 석탄화력 주변 주민, 건강 심각... 더 이상은 안 된다. <오마이뉴스>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002064548
  • 윤순진·박효진 (2011). 원유유출 사고를 둘러싼 위험의 사회적 구성과 위험 정보 소통. <환경사회학연구 ECO>, 15권 1호, 7-51.
  • 이건호·고흥석 (2009). 취재원 활용을 통해 살펴본 한국 신문의 보도시각 고찰. <한국언론학보>, 53권 3호, 347-369.
  • 이민규·이예리 (2012). 국내 신문의 가축 전염병 위험 보도에 대한 프레임 연구. <언론과학 연구>, 12권 2호, 378-414.
  • 이서현·최진봉 (2017). 지방정부의 보도자료는 중앙지와 지방지에 어떻게 반영되었나?. <언론 과학 연구>, 17권 1호, 28-55.
  • 이선우 (2018, 1, 24). 충남도 “미세먼지 저감법 조속 처리를”. <충청투데이>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1112838
  • 이정훈 (2019). 2019년 강원도 화재 보도에 대한 언어망 분석: 미디어의제 분석을 중심으로. <한국콘텐츠학회논문지>, 19권 11호, 153-167.
  • 이정훈·고재웅·구혜희·김봉구·김미현·김은정·김은총·송효은·안재태·이선아·이정국·이정아·이진호·정명진·정민규·홍선표 (2016). 국내 언론의 가습기 살균제 참사에 대한 보도경향 분석. <환경사회학연구 ECO>, 20권 2호, 351-398.
  • 이종규 (2020, 12, 14). 시민이 이끄는 에너지전환…‘화력발전 도시’ 당진의 담대한 도전. <한겨레>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/974055.html
  • 이준웅·김성희 (2018). 미세먼지 재해 보도의 프레임 분석. <한국언론학보>, 62권 4권, 125-158.
  • 이화연·윤순진 (2013). 밀양 고압 송전선로 건설 갈등에 대한 일간지 보도 분석. <경제와사회>, 40-76.
  • 이현우·이병관 (2005). 부안 원전수거물 관리시설 유치 쟁점에 대한 언론 보도 프레임 분석. <언론과학연구>, 5권 3호, 516-547.
  • 인택진 (2017, 4, 2). [기획] 재생에너지 발전시설‧에너지 절약 캠페인 확대 절실. <충청투데이>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1050768
  • 임항 (2012, 9, 25). 거세지는 원전 역풍… 석탄화력발전 시대로 U턴하나 <오마이뉴스>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0006473749&code=11131700
  • 정나리 (2007). <국내 언론의 환경이슈 보도 행태 분석>. 한국방송학회 학술대회 논문집, 19-21.
  • 정용복 (2020). 언론은 제주4·3을 어떻게 보도하는가? : 보수지와 진보지, 지역지의 비교 연구. <한국언론정보학보>, 101권, 399-439.
  • 정윤성 (2020, 7, 21). 당진환경운동연합, ‘현대제철 오염물질 배출 관리 사각지대 존재’. <당진신문>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.idjnews.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=123816
  • 조영신·유수정·한영주 (2015) 포털 기사 공급 형태 및 매체 지위와 어뷰징과의 관계에 대한 탐색적 연구. <한국언론학보>, 59권 4호, 314-338.
  • 진상현 (2012). 후쿠시마 사고 이후 원자력에 대한 한국인의 인식유형 분석. <한국행정논집>, 24권 4호, 1011-1036.
  • 차순우 (2020, 11, 15). 충남도, 대기오염 측정망 38곳 통합 관리. <충청매일>, Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ccdn.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=673509#09SX
  • 최낙진 (2004). 지역신문 뉴스 프레임 비교. <한국언론정보학보>, 283-316.
  • 최선중 (2020, 7, 25). 10년 갈등 석탄발전소 대신 지어진 ‘태양광 발전소’. <KBS News>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=4502708&ref=A
  • 최진호·곽은아·한동섭 (2016). 전국언론과 지역 언론의 취재원 활용 관행 비교 연구. <언론과학연구>, 16권 2호, 214-241.
  • 최효진 (2019, 4, 1). 당진환경운동연합 “미세먼지 숨은 주범 현대제철 당진공장 규탄”. <오마이뉴스>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002523928&CMPT_CD=P0010&utm_source=naver&utm_medium=newsearch&utm_campaign=naver_news
  • 한국언론진흥재단 (2020). <2020 언론 수용자 조사>. 서울: 한국언론진흥재단.
  • 한동섭 (2000). ‘일차규정자’의 결정력과 미디어 경제의 상관관계에 관한 연구. <한국언론학보>, 44권 2호, 215-245.
  • 한동섭·유승현 (2008). 언론 보도에서 나타난 익명 정보원에 관한 연구. <언론과학연구>, 8권 4호, 702-739.
  • 한종구 (2017, 9, 11). 충남도민 10명 중 7명 “미세먼지 심각…생활 불편”. <연합뉴스>. Retrieved 5/8/21 from https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170911067300063?input=1195m
  • 황애리·나은영(2018). 한국 언론의 정신건강 보도에 관한 내용 분석 연구: 뉴스 프레임과 기사 논조를 중심으로. <보건사회연구>, 38권 4호, 290-322.
  • Anderson, A. (1997). Media, culture and the environment. London: UCL Press. 김재범 (역) (2001). <환경저널리즘>. 서울: 한울
  • Beck, U. (1986). Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem weg in eine andere moderne. 홍성태 (역) (2006). <위험사회 : 새로운 근대(성)을 향하여 >. 서울: 새물결.
  • Cox, R. (2010). Environmental communication and the public sphere (2nd ed.). California: SAGE Publications. 김남수·김찬국·황세영 (역) (2014). <환경 커뮤니케이션> 서울: 커뮤니케이션북스
  • Lippmann, W. (1992). Public opinion. New York: Free Press. 이충훈 (역) (2012). <여론>. 서울: 까치글방
  • Nelkin, D. (1987). Selling science: How the press covers science and technology. New York: WH Freeman and Company. 김명진 (역) (2010). <셀링사이언스>. 서울: 궁리
  • Seale, C. (2002). Media & Health. London: SAGE Publications. 유동주 (역) (2009). <미디어와 건강>. 서울: 도서출판 한울