유튜브 뉴스채널의 ‘북한원전 건설 의혹’ 관련 보도 연구 : 언론사 채널과 개인채널 뉴스의 연관성을 중심으로
초록
‘포스트-진실’의 시대라 불리는 지금, 우리는 수많은 미디어 플랫폼에 둘러싸여 있지만, 진실과 거짓 정보의 구분을 하기 어려운 상황에 놓여있다. 디지털 미디어 기술이 우리에게 더 많은 정보를 소비하고 생산할 기회를 제공한 것은 사실이지만, 그러는 사이 공론장에서 언론의 수문장 역할은 과거 그 어느 때 보다 위기에 처하게 되었다. 이 연구는 “북한 원전 건설” 의혹과 관련한 정치 뉴스를 중심으로 유튜브 언론사 채널과 개인 채널들이 생산 주체에 따라 어떤 메시지를 생산하고, 확산 주체가 누구이며, 주요 쟁점이 어떤 양상으로 확산하는지 내용분석과 네트워크 분석을 통해 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 채널 출처별로 영향력이 있는 동영상을 분석하고, 어떤 메시지를 생산하는지 살펴보았으며, 뉴스 관련 콘텐츠 생산 채널로서 주류 언론사와 개인 채널의 역학관계와 뉴스 전달 방식을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 언론사의 쟁점 보도가 보수 종편의 의혹 제기와 개인 유튜버 채널 메시지를 통해 전달되면서 북한 원전 추진 의혹은 크게 확산하는 양상을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 유튜브 개인 채널들이 생산하는 정보가 이분법적이고 정파성이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 이에 비해 지상파 뉴스는 비교적 ‘중립적’ 입장의 뉴스를 생산하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 언론 보도의 의혹 제기가 개인 채널의 주장을 통해 사실로 여겨지고 확산됨으로써 유튜브 저널리즘의 부정적인 단면을 함축한다.
Abstract
Despite our lives being completely surrounded by ubiquitous media—platforms supposedly for relaying reliable information— distinguishing between true and false information has in fact become more difficult with the advent of the “post-truth” era. One reason is the proliferation of news or what passes as news on the Internet with the process of content creation, including even sophisticated video production, having become so facile to anyone so inclined. The other reason is that while the rise of digital media has enabled the general public to consume and create seemingly endless content, the same force has also contributed to diminishing and even threatening the role of the press in their duty to be gatekeepers of the truth, as controlling or channeling dissemination of information, true or false, has become nearly impossible. Thus this research, via content and network analysis, attempted to glean the extent to which such news were being distorted in our current free-for-all digital world. We started by identifying political news about North Korea’s alleged nuclear build-up, then categorized the host, the main message and the delivery strategy for each specific video uploaded to YouTube, including those by official press and by individuals. By identifying the content germane to the North Korea issue and analyzing the messages contained in the video, we also tried to ascertain the relational dynamics between the primary news sources—by and large, the official press—and various YouTube content. The result confirmed that mainstream media reports were consistently enlarged or embellished upon and even deliberately misconstrued by right-wing cable news and individual YouTubers, which had the further effect of suspicions about North Korea and its intent with regard to nuclear ambition being scattered without proper check or filter all over the Internet. YouTube channels run by individual hosts, in particular, were problematic. They were shown to be not only one-sided but also almost always hewing to opposite poles of politics. Not surprisingly their use of all-or-nothing type of commentaries to bolster their unsubstantiated claims, too, was rampant. In comparison, terrestrial broadcasters’ news content were less inflammatory and jaded. It was determined that they tended toward taking a more “neutral” stance. In conclusion, this research was able to ascertain that news reported by mainstream media about controversial or inconclusive matters such as North Korea nuclear build-up are regularly regurgitated and passed on by individuals to represent prejudicial versions of the same stories and highlights the harm that YouTube journalism can pose to the future of both journalism and the public.
Keywords:
YouTube Journalism. North Korea Nuclear Build-up, Social Media, Political Ideology, News Sources키워드:
북한 원전건설 추진 의혹, 유튜브 저널리즘, 정치이념, 소셜 미디어, 정보원Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Korea National Open University‘s 2021 Research Fund. (이 연구는 2021학년도 한국방송통신대학교 연구비 지원을 받아 수행된 것임.)
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