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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 65, No. 6, pp.372-415
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2021
Received 11 Jun 2021 Accepted 01 Dec 2021 Revised 07 Dec 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2021.65.6.009

상반된 정치 진영의 가짜 뉴스 담론과 사회적 사실

강주현**
**부산대학교 지역혁신역량교육연구센터 연구교수 kmunhak@pusan.ac.kr
Fake news discourse and social facts of opposite political camps
Ju Hyun Kang**
**Research Professor, Regional Entrepreneurship Education Research Center, Pusan National University kmunhak@pusan.ac.kr

초록

이 연구는 우리 사회의 가짜 뉴스 담론을 정치 진영에 따라 어떻게 다르게 해석할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위해 상반된 정치 성향의 활동가 10명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시했다. 이들은 상대 측 진영의 허위 정보가 정치적 목적성을 띤 ‘의도’가 있다고 주장하며 가짜 뉴스 담론을 정치 성향에 따라 다르게 해석했다. 가짜 뉴스를 규정할 때 ‘가짜인줄 알면서도’의 의미는 상대 정치 진영에서 추측하고 단정하는 의도일 뿐이며, 의혹을 제기하는 당사자들은 ‘진짜라고 믿는’, ‘의심스러운’의 의미를 더 강하게 담고 있다. 나아가 ‘허위 정보’라는 규정 역시 어떤 경우 진실이 명확하게 해명되지 않은 상태에서 진영적 시각이 반영되어 있다.

이들의 진술을 살펴보면 정치 담론을 어떻게 받아들이느냐에 따라 가짜 뉴스론이 될 수도 있고, 가짜 뉴스 프레임론이 될 수도 있다. 정치 담론의 생산과 확산 과정은 작은 사실(fact), 언론 보도에 설명 가능한 추론과 해석이 덧붙여지며 새로운 메시지가 생성되었다는 점을 추정할 수 있다. 특히 정보의 접근성과 투명성이 제한될 때 사실 확인이 어려운 상태에서 정치 진영 내부의 추론과 해석, 확산이 늘어날 개연성이 있다. 상대 정치 진영에 대한 신뢰가 낮을 때 의혹을 해명할 정보의 선택적 제공, 공개 토론 기피는 부분적 사실을 근거로 해당 이슈에 대한 주장과 해석을 재생산하는 환경을 조성할 수 있다.

Abstract

This study looked at fake news claims and fake news frames claims through in-depth interviews with 10 people with opposing political views. Although they belong to different political camps and pay attention to different fake news cases, they have a negative attitude toward fake news or disinformation itself. Most of them perceived fake news as false information produced and disseminated due to political necessity of the opposing political camp. However, the interviewees of this study, who were highly political, judged fake news and political intentions differently depending on their political views. Defining fake news in terms of intention, i.e. 'even though one knows it's fake', which is mentioned as an important attribute when talking about fake news, was only an intention to speculate and conclude by the political camp because the other party raising suspicion leans strongly toward "believing to be real" and "suspicious." In addition, the regulation of 'false information' may also reflect the position of the camp. This is because certain factions defined it as false information, but other factions raised suspicions based on certain facts. So, in political discourse, when a political camp concluded that it was "fake news," it could be accepted as a "fake news frame" that is stigmatized for political purposes.

The case covered in this study suggests that transparency of information can control the spread of fake news. Fake news discourse is created by adding inferences and interpretations based on partial facts. At this time, people who do not have information, who do not have the power to acquire or manage information, are placed in an environment where they have no choice but to participate in the production and spread of fake news with suspicion. On the other hand, those who have information can only highlight certain facts and turn the opposing party's claims into fake news. When trust in particular political camp is low, the non-disclosure and selective provision of necessary information and avoidance of public discussion can create an environment that reproduces claims and interpretations on the issue based on partial facts.

If the suspected social issue is fake news, it may be possible to reduce the number of disputes over the truth when actively disclosing information and allowing viewers to judge through open discussions. In other words, in order to solve the fake news problem, there is a need to actively and transparently disclose the information when there is an issue or suspicion raised.

Keywords:

fake news, fake news frame, social facts, different interpretation, information transparency

키워드:

가짜 뉴스, 가짜 뉴스 프레임, 사회적 사실, 다른 해석, 정보의 투명성

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2019S1A5B5A07112343)(이 논문은 2019년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원(시간강사연구지원사업)을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2019S1A5B5A07112343).

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Appendix

부록Ⅰ. 국문 참고문헌

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