대통령 의제로서 기부에 대한 신문 사설 연구 : 금 모으기와 긴급재난지원금 기부를 중심으로
초록
일반적으로 언론은 정부의 정책과 행정적 행동에 대해 주로 비판적 역할을 한다. 반면에 언론은 정부 정책을 보도할 때보다 기부 혹은 자선 활동에 대해 보도할 때 더 수용적으로 독려한다. 이 연구는 대통령의 통치 행위로서의 정부의 필란트로피 활동, 즉 기부 장려에 대한 언론 보도를 다룬다. IMF 구제금융 위기 속에서 시작된 1997년 금 모으기 캠페인 당시 언론은 직접 기부의 주체가 되어 모금 행사에 참여했고, 전 국민적인 기부를 독려했다. 진보성향의 대통령 당선인이 최초로 제안했고, 공영방송이 캠페인을 진행했다. 2020년 코로나19 감염병의 전 세계적 대유행이라는 글로벌 위기 속에서 한국 정부는 전 국민에 긴급재난지원금을 지급했고, 대통령은 지원금의 일부에 대해 기부할 것을 독려했다. 긴급재난지원금 기부 당시 언론은 각 언론사마다의 정치적 성향에 따라 각기 다른 보도 양상을 보인다. 진보 성향의 정치인들이 제안한 기부 캠페인은 정부가 직접 주도했다.
본 연구는 통치성이 발현된 대통령 의제로서 기부에 대한 언론의 논조에 대한 비판적 담론 분석을 통해 미디어옹호의 여부, 언론의 정파성의 발현 등을 살핀다. 본 연구의 대상은 대한민국 10대 신문에 게재된 캠페인 당시의 사설이다. 금 모으기 캠페인과 긴급재난지원금 기부 과정에서 정치적 성향이 다른 각 언론사는 어떠한 논조를 노출하였는지 신문의 사설을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 모든 언론이 긍정적인 논조의 보도를 게재한 금 모으기 캠페인은 많은 돈을 모았다. 긴급재난지원금 기부는 언론의 정치적 성향에 따라 비판적인 사설과 독려하는 사설이 동시에 게재되었고, 모금은 성공적이지 못했다. 정부성향과 반대가 되는 신문의 경우, 모금을 독려하지 않고 오히려 기부를 차단하는 사설이 나오는 것은 필란트로피 커뮤니케이션에 있어서는 매우 이례적인 일이지만, 통치성의 시각에서 볼 때는 언론의 비판적 기능을 수행하는 것이므로 자연스럽다.
결론적으로 통치성 구조에서 대통령의 제왕적 권력이나 필란트로피의 보편적 가치 어느 한 쪽도 언론의 정파성을 완전히 희석시키지는 못했다. 권력에 대한 비판기능을 하는 언론이지만, 통치성이 필란트로피적 가치를 구현하고자 할 때 신문사가 본연의 정치적 성향을 따라 무조건적이고 맹목적인 비판을 하지 않는다는 점은 유의미하다.
Abstract
In general, the media mainly plays a critical role on government policies and administrative actions. The media, on the other hand, are more receptive and encouraging when reporting on donations or philanthropy than when reporting government policies. This study deals with media reports on the government's philanthropy activities as an act of government of the president, that is, encouraging donations. At the time of the gold-collection campaign in 1997, which began amid the IMF bailout crisis, the media directly participated in the fund-collection event and encouraged national donations. It was first proposed by the progressive president-elect, and public broadcasting conducted the campaign. In the midst of the global crisis of 2020, the global pandemic of the COVID-19 infectious disease, the Korean government provided emergency disaster relief funds to all citizens, and the president encouraged them to donate a portion of the funds. At the time of the emergency disaster relief donation, the media show different reporting patterns depending on the political orientation of each media company. The donation campaign proposed by progressive politicians was led directly by the government.
This study examines the existence of media advocacy and the expression of factionalism in the media through critical discourse analysis on the media's tone on donations as a presidential agenda in which governmentality is expressed. The subject of this study is an editorial at the time of the campaign published in the top 10 newspapers in Korea. Newspaper editorials were the subject of a study to find out what tones were exposed by media companies with different political orientations in the process of collecting gold and donating emergency funds. The gold-collection campaign, in which all media outlets published positively veiled reports, raised a lot of money. According to the political orientation of the media, critical and encouraging editorials were published at the same time for the donation of emergency disaster relief funds, and the fundraising was not successful. In the case of newspapers that are contrary to the government's inclinations, it is very unusual for philanthropy communication to have editorials that block donations rather than encourage fundraising.
In conclusion, neither the imperial power of the president nor the universal value of philanthropy in the governmentality structure completely diluted the factionalism of the media. Although the press has a critical function of criticizing power, it is significant that newspapers do not criticize unconditionally and blindly according to their original political inclinations when government is trying to embody philanthropic values.
Keywords:
Presidential Agenda, Governmentality, Donations, Philanthropy, Media Advocacy키워드:
대통령 의제, 통치성, 기부, 필란트로피, 미디어 옹호References
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