매체환경 변화에 따른 국내 예능 프로그램의 포맷전략 및 다양성 변화 : 지상파, 종편, tvN을 중심으로
초록
매체환경의 급속한 변화가 예능 프로그램 다양성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자, 본 연구는 2016년부터 2021년까지의 지상파 3사, 종편 4사 그리고 tvN의 예능 프로그램 ‘포맷 유형’, ‘소재’, ‘출연진’ 다양성을 HHI를 통해 검토하였다. 그 결과, 포맷 다양성의 경우 ‘리얼 버라이어티쇼’ 포맷을 중심으로 ‘관찰형’, ‘미션형’, ‘토크형’, ‘개방형’으로 포맷 분절화가 이뤄져 전반적인 다양성 지수가 증가하고 있었고, 기존 소재 유형에서 구체화 되고 또 새롭게 발견된 소재들이 예능 프로그램에 활용됨으로써 소재 다양성 역시 높은 수준을 나타냈다. 소재의 경우 전 포맷 유형에 걸쳐 다양하게 구체화 되었는데, 기존에 인기가 있었던 ‘음악’ 소재에서 ‘트로트’가, ‘연예/결혼’ 소재에서 ‘이혼/재혼’ 소재 등이 분화되어 나타나 인기를 끌었다. 출연진 다양성은 상승세를 보였지만, 다른 다양성 지수에 비해서는 낮은 분포를 나타냈다. 한편 8개 채널은 경쟁상황에서 각기 다른 편성 전략을 구사하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 선행연구와 비교했을 때 가장 두드러진 차이를 보인 채널은 종편인 것으로 확인되었다. 종편이 도입 직후 매우 낮은 포맷 다양성을 보였던 것을 감안하면 고무적인 변화라고 할 수 있다. 먼저 JTBC의 경우 포맷 유형 다양성은 종편 가운데 가장 높았지만, 출연진 다양성이 낮아 분석 유목에 따른 큰 차이를 보였다. TV조선은 포맷 유형 다양성이 8개 채널 중 가장 분명하게 증가한 채널로 나타났으며, MBN은 소재 다양성 지수가 8개 채널 중 가장 큰 폭으로 상승했다. 채널A는 포맷 유형 다양성은 가장 낮았지만, 출연진과 소재 다양성이 높게 나타나면서 타 채널과 차별화가 발견되었다. 최근의 미디어 시장 내 경쟁상황이 예능 프로그램의 포맷 다양성에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가에 대한 판단은 결국 본 연구결과에서 나타난 포맷 유형 및 소재의 분절화를 어떻게 해석하는가에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 포맷 유형은 형식, 소재, 전개 방식 등에 따라 세부적으로 유형화되며 그 내적·외적 틀이 확장되어 왔기에, 본 연구에서 발견된 포맷 유형 및 소재의 분절화는 유사한 포맷의 증가보다는 포맷 유형의 확장으로 봐야 할 것이다. 그러나 이러한 변화가 대체로 인기 포맷 유형과 소재를 중심으로 관찰되고 있으므로, 향후 이에 대한 면밀한 관찰이 요구되는 바이다.
Abstract
In order to examine how the rapid changes in the media environment affect the diversity of entertainment programs, this study reviewed the diversity of entertainment program’s 'Format Type', 'Material', and ‘Cast’ of TV broadcasting including 3 terrestrial TV, 4 general programming TV, and tvN from 2016 to 2021 using Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The results showed that, with increasing the overall format diversity index, the "Real Variety Show" format had "Observation type", "Mission type", "Talk type", and "Open type". There was a high level of material diversity as the shows used broad subject matter with fresh perspectives. In the case of materials, they were embodied in various ways across all format types, for example, "Trot" was differentiated in the previously popular "Music" material, and "Divorce/Remarriage" was differentiated in the "Dating/Marriage" material. The diversity of cast showed an upward trend, but it was the lowest among the three diversity indices. Meanwhile, it was found that the eight channels used different format strategies in competitive situations, and it was confirmed that the channel with the most noticeable difference compared to previous studies was the general programming TV. It might be argued that this is a positive development given that the general programming TV shortly following their launch displayed relatively little format diversity. First of all, in the case of JTBC, the diversity of format types was the highest among the general programming TV, but the diversity of the cast was low, showing a big difference according to the analysis index. TV Chosun was the channel with the most obvious increase in format type diversity, showing a noticeable difference compared to the beginning. MBN saw its material diversity index rise by the largest margin among the eight channels, and Channel A had the lowest format type diversity, but it was differentiated from other channels as the cast and material diversity were high. The judgment on how the recent competition situation in the media market has affected the format diversity of entertainment programs may eventually vary depending on how the format type and material segmentation shown in the results of this study is interpreted. Since format types are categorized in detail according to format, material, and deployment method, and their internal and external frameworks have been expanded, format types and material segmentation found in this study should be viewed as an extension of format types rather than an increase in similar formats. However, close monitoring will be necessary going forward as these changes are typically noticed around popular format types and content.
Keywords:
Competition, Media Diversity, Entertainment Program, Format Diversity키워드:
경쟁, 미디어 다양성, 예능 프로그램, 포맷 다양성Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2020S1A5B5A17088221). 이 논문은 2020년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2020S1A5B5A17088221).
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