한편 북한 언론은 지난 20년간 대한민국 대통령과 정부를 어떻게 보았는가? : 감성어, 의미연결망, 토픽모델링을 활용한 북한 언론 보도 빅데이터 분석
초록
본 연구는 2003년 이후 지금까지 약 20년간 북한 언론이 대한민국의 각 정부 기간 별 대통령 관련 내용을 어떻게 보도하였는지 살펴보았다. 분석된 언론사는 <조선중앙통신>과 <조선의 오늘>의 두 북한 언론이었으며, 분석 방법은 대통령과 정부 기간 별 차이 분석을 위해 감성분석과 QAP 상관분석을, 각 정부의 보도 특징 분석을 위해 의미연결망 분석과 토픽 모델링(topic modeling) 분석을 시행하였다.
연구결과, 먼저 북한 언론의 대한민국 정부 기간 별 역대 대통령 언급의 차이를 보면, 감성분석 결과 노무현 > 문재인 > 이명박 > 박근혜 순의 긍정성이 도출되었다. 상관분석을 통해 파악된 것은 이명박과 박근혜 두 보수 정부 대통령 언급 간에는 정적인 상관관계가 있었지만 노무현과 문재인 두 진보 정부 대통령 언급 간 상관성은 유의하지 않았다. 즉, 노무현 > 문재인 > 이명박 > 박근혜 순의 감성적 긍정성을 가지고 있었지만, 노무현 정부의 긍정성은 독보적으로 높았다. 이러한 결과는 2019년 이후 북한 언론의 문재인 정부에 대한 부정적 기사 급증이 원인으로 파악되었다.
다음 대통령 언급 맥락 연결어 분석 결과, 노무현과 문재인은 ‘대통령’이라는 직함을 사용하였다. 반면 이명박과 박근혜는 직함보다는 ‘역적’, ‘역도’, ‘패당’ 등의 부정적 수식어를 많이 사용하고 있었고, ‘대결’, ‘전쟁’, ‘도발’ 등 대립적 남북관계의 단어대립 구조에 대한 단어와 연결되어 있었다. 노무현 정부 기간 북한 언론 감성지수는 점차 증가추세였고, 이명박 정부 전체 기간 동안 낮았으며, 박근혜 정부 기간에는 초기에 긍정적이었다가 2013년 기간에 급하강 후에 지속적으로 낮은 감성지수를 보였고, 문재인 정부는 2018년까지는 상승세였으나 2018년 이후 하강세 그리고 2019년 이후에는 급하강세였다. 다음 각 대통령 별 언급 맥락 단어군집 분석과 토픽모델링 분석결과가 도출되었고, 각 단어군집과 토픽들이 해석되었다.
Abstract
This study examined how the North Korean media covered the president-related news during each of the South Korea's 20-year presidential terms, from 2003 to the present. The media analyzed were two North Korean media, <Chosun Central News> and <Joseon Today>. To examine the differences between the presidential and governmental periods, sentiment analysis and QAP correlation analysis were used. In addition, semantic network analysis and topic modeling analysis were performed to analyze each government's reporting characteristics. First, sentiment analysis showed that the positivity was ranked in the order of Roh Moo-hyun, Moon Jae-in, Lee Myung-bak, and Park Geun-hye. There was a significant positive correlation between the two conservative presidents, Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye. However, Roh Moo-hyun and Moon Jae-in were not significantly correlated. The positivity of the Roh administration was exceptionally high. This result was identified as the cause of a surge in negative articles about the Moon Jae-in government in the North Korean media since 2019. Second, the semantic network analysis of the context of the president's comments showed that Roh Moo-hyun and Moon Jae-in used the title of 'President'. However, Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye used a lot of negative modifiers such as 'rebel', 'weightlifting', and 'gang' rather than their titles. During the Roh Moo-hyun administration, the 'North Korean media sentiment index' gradually increased and was low during the entire Lee Myung-bak administration. During the Park Geun-hye administration, it was initially positive, but after a sharp decline in 2013, the emotional index continued to be low. The Moon Jae-in administration had an upward trend until 2018, but it has been on a downward trend since 2018 and has been on a sharp decline since 2019. The results of an analysis of context word clusters and topic modeling for each president were derived, and each word cluster and topic were analyzed. Finally, in the discussion part of this study, various implications of the analysis results were also discussed.
Keywords:
North Korean Media, Korean President, Sentiment Analysis, Semantic Network, Topic Modeling키워드:
북한 언론, 대통령, 감성어 분석, 의미연결망, 토픽모델링Acknowledgments
본 연구는 2022년 뉴스통신진흥회 자유연구과제 결과를 재구성하였음을 밝힙니다.
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