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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 67, No. 1, pp.316-362
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 28 Feb 2023
Received 13 Oct 2022 Revised 27 Jan 2023 Accepted 03 Feb 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2023.67.1.008

혼틈당선: 윤석열과 보수 재집권 분투 : <Under the Cover of Chaos>를 통해 본 제20대 대통령 선거 국면 분석

이종명*
*강원대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션학과 강사 journaleest@outlook.com
<Under the Cover of Chaos> in South Korea, 2022 : Conjunctural Analysis of the 20th Presidential Election
Jongmyung Lee*
*Lecturer, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, Kangwon National University journaleest@outlook.com

초록

본 연구는 그로스버그가 제안한 국면분석의 구체적 모델을 전범으로 삼아 제20대 대통령 선거 과정에서의 담론 정치를 분석한다. 보다 장기적인 ‘시대(epoch)’적 맥락과, ‘진지전’, ‘문제적 공간’의 개념들을 짚으면서 추상적 진단을 넘어선다. 비판적이고 분석적인 실천 차원의 논의로 우선 “진지천” 차원에서 정치, 경제, 문화 담론의 발화를 확인한다. 발화 주체는 홀의 <위기 관리>에서도 제안한, 정치 캠페인 수사, 언론 보도, 수용자 화답(시대적 맥락에서 독자 투고를 온라인 커뮤니티의 화답으로 대체하여)을 아우른다. 나아가 코로나19라는 국면에서 돌출된 ‘불안감’ 조장, ‘청년’, ‘젠더’ 담론에서의 ‘격리’와 ‘해체’가 “문제적 공간”에서 맥락화되는 현상을, 위기와의 접합으로 읽어낸다. 이를 통해 윤석열과 한국 보수 정치 세력의 재집권 전략을 “공정”에 대한 법과 질서 정립, “사회적 신뢰”에 대한 해체와 대체로 규정한다. 트럼프의 등장과 미국 사회의 신 보수 질서 정립이 끼친 정치적, 경제적, 문화적 영향이 여전히 드리운 현실에서, 한국 사회의 정치적 세력 교체를 넘어 새로운 담론 질서의 등장과 대두가 부각되는 작금의 상황을 국면적으로 읽어 개입하는 작업의 필요성을 개진한다.

Abstract

Under the Cover of Chaos: Trump and the Battle for the American Right(2018), Lawrence Grossberg uses conjunctural analysis to diagnose the rise of Donald Trump and the new conservative discursive order in American society. Alongside his argument for the need for political intervention at the abstract level, he proposes three analytical terrains as concrete practices of conjunctural analysis. First, reading complex contexts politically in a 'war of positions'; second, mapping the topography of constituted problems in a 'problem space'; and third, articulating with the problem space by appropriating Antonio Gramsci's 'organic crisis'. This is a practice of "conjunctural thinking" as envisioned by Stuart Hall. Specifically, "war of position" reads the discursive politics of post-war conservative and progressive movements, as well as the economy and culture - particularly as they are discussed on social media. Accordingly, how "anxiety" and "hyperactivity", "isolation" and "expulsion", and "individualistic society" reminiscent of Nazism are connected in the "problem space" dimension, and how "crisis of coordination and relationships", "crisis of authority (knowledge)", and "crisis of social control" are connected in the "organic crisis" dimension. Therefore, this study focuses on discourse politics of Korea‘s 20th presidential election process by using the specific model of conjunctural analysis proposed by Grossberg. It goes beyond abstract diagnosis by pointing to the longer-term 'epoch' context, the concepts of 'problem space', and 'war of positions'. As a critical and analytical discussion at the practical level, political speech, economic, and cultural discourse at the "war of positions" level is identified. This includes political campaign rhetoric, media coverage, and audience reaction(in the context of nowadays, replacing ’readers’ contributions‘ with ’online community responses‘), as proposed in Stuart Hall's Policing the Crisis(1978). Furthermore, it reads the phenomenon of 'anxiety' promotion, 'isolation' and 'deconstruction' in 'youth' and 'gender' discourse, which have emerged in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as contextualized in 'problem space', as a conjunction with the crisis. It characterizes Yoon Suk Yeol and South Korea's conservative political résime strategies for retaking power as largely based on the establishment of law and order over "fairness" and the dismantling of "social trust." In a reality where the political, economic, and cultural impacts of the rise of Trump and the establishment of a neo-conservative order in the United States are still looming, it is necessary to read and intervene as a public intellectual in the current situation where a new discursive order is emerging beyond the change of political forces in Korean society.

Keywords:

Discourse of Crisis, Articulation, Conjunctural Analysis, Presidential Election, Radical Contextualism

키워드:

위기 담론, 접합, 국면분석, 대통령 선거, 급진적 맥락주의

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Appendix

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    • Appendix

    부록 Ⅱ. 언론 보도자료

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  • 매일경제 (2022, 3, 10). 부동산 분노·내로남불 반감…국민은 새 인물을 원했다. Retrieved from https://www.mk.co.kr/today-paper/view/2022/5109755/
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  • 머니투데이 (2021, 5, 16). 남성 4명 중 1명은 이준석 지지…국민의힘 당대표 1위 '파죽지세'. Retrieved from https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2021051615274212040
  • 미디어오늘 (2019, 11, 30). 강준만 교수 “해장국 언론 원하는 사회에선 언론개혁 불가능”. Retrieved from www.mediatoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=203904
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  • 서울경제 (2020, 1, 12). [신조어 사전] 혼틈. Retrieved from https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1YXMAJ7XGV
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  • 연합뉴스 (2019, 9, 10). [팩트체크] 조국 기사 118만건…최순실의 10배? Retrieved from https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20190910145900502
  • 연합뉴스 (2021, 6, 26). 또 '부동산 내로남불'…與, 56억 빚투 靑김기표에 당혹. Retrieved from https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20210626052100001
  • 연합뉴스 (2022, 3, 7). 윤석열 "다시 국민이 주인되는 대한민국 되찾겠다". Retrieved from https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220307156300001?input=1195m
  • 열린공감TV (2021, 10, 4). [단독특종! 긴급생방] 윤석열 장모 최은순 전화통화 극적 성공! Retrieved from https://youtu.be/h3VY5EJYwK4
  • 이데일리 (2021, 12, 15). 대선 승패 가를 부동산정책..李·尹 모두 文과 거리두기 Retrieved from https://www.edaily.co.kr/news/read/?newsId=01118486629278848&mediaCodeNo=257
  • 전자신문 (2021, 11, 5). 윤석열 "반드시 정권교체…'조국 위선, 추미애 오만' 무너뜨린 공정의 상징". Retrieved from https://www.etnews.com/20211105000185
  • 조선일보 (2022, 5, 6a). 尹 찍은 이대남 49%, 李 택한 이대녀 38% “이준석 젠더발언 때문”. Retrieved from https://www.chosun.com/national/national_general/2022/05/06/EIXJT5XFPVC45CZPVWIFPPHBZY/?utm_source=naver&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=naver-news
  • 조선일보 (2022, 5, 6b). 국민 67% “젠더갈등 심각”… 한국 남녀, 왜 서로에게 분노하나. Retrieved from https://www.chosun.com/national/national_general/2022/05/06/7GH3AXAYIJHQVK6EDV4CX75PUA/?utm_source=naver&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=naver-news
  • 중앙일보 (2021, 3, 31). 野 "내로남불 결정판"…아파트 임대료 9% 미리 올린 박주민. Retrieved from https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/24025096#home
  • 중앙일보 (2022, 3, 11). '재보선 심판' 뒤에도 내로남불·독선 그대로…與내부서도 한탄. Retrieved from https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/
  • 중앙일보 (2022, 3, 15). 젠더갈등 증폭 ‘이대남’, 새 정부에 득일까 실일까. Retrieved from https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25055406
  • 펜앤드마이크TV (2018, 1, 5). '베네수엘라의 실패'를 보면 문재인 정부가 떠오른다. Retrieved from https://www.pennmike.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=307
  • 한겨레 (2016, 9, 20). 전경련이 돈 걷고 문체부 초고속허가…‘미르’ ‘K스포츠’ 판박이. Retrieved from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/761793.html
  • 한겨레 (2019, 7, 24). [ESC] 혼틈. Retrieved from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/specialsection/esc_section/903222.html
  • 한겨레 (2022, 1, 17). “뉴스, 포털·유튜브로 본다”는 비율 더 높아졌다. Retrieved from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/media/1027622.html
  • 한겨레 (2022, 3, 8). 20대 대선, ‘여성 배제’의 정치를 전면화하다. Retrieved from https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/women/1033952.html
  • 한국경제 (2022, 1, 16). 베일 벗은 김건희 녹취록 1탄… MBC 게시판 시끌 "이러려고…". Retrieved from https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/2022011622067
  • 한국경제 (2022, 4, 6). [단독] 與 내부진단 "시민사회 부동산정책 무비판적 수용해 대선 패배". Retrieved from https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/202204068464i
  • 한국일보 (2022, 1, 7). 유시민 "이재명이 살아남은 건 기성 언론 영향력 압도적이지 않다는 증거". Retrieved from https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2022010710580001115?did=NA
  • 한국일보 (2022, 8, 26). 일용직 뛰며 '진보 유튜브' 후원... 틈만 나면 尹자택 앞 집회 참석. Retrieved from https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2022080910520000291?did=NA
  • JTBC (2016, 10, 24). [단독] 최순실 PC 파일 입수…대통령 연설 전 연설문 받았다. Retrieved from https://news.jtbc.co.kr/article/article.aspx?news_id=nb11340632
  • KBS (2022, 3, 10). 윤석열 “위대한 국민의 승리”. Retrieved from https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=5412175&ref=A
  • TV조선 (2016, 7, 26). [TV조선 단독] 청와대 안종범 수석, '문화재단 미르' 500억 모금 지원. Retrieved from https://news.tvchosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/07/26/2016072690265.html