핵심역량 중심의 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육과정 구성 및 효과 : 초등학교 고학년을 중심으로
초록
소셜 미디어 리터러시는 소셜 미디어에서 이용자 간 원활한 소통과 소셜 미디어 이용 시 발생하는 다양한 유형의 부정적 영향을 예방하기 위한 방법 중 하나로 인식되고 있다. 특히 소셜 미디어 공간에서 적극적으로 활동하며 급속하게 사회화되고 있는 초등학령기에게 소셜 미디어 리터러시의 중요성은 더 크다고 할 수 있다. 이에 따라 초등학령기의 소셜 미디어 이용 행태를 고려한 교육과정 구성과 교육의 효과 분석은 중요하게 취급되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 핵심역량 중심의 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육과정을 개발하고, 해당 교육과정을 이수한 학습자의 교육 전과 교육 후 소셜 미디어 리터러시 핵심역량 수준 변화를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 소셜 미디어 리터러시 핵심역량이 반영된 초등학교 고학년 대상 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육과정을 6차시로 개발하였으며, 초등학교 6학년 81명을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 구분하여 교육을 실시하였다. 자료 분석에서는 실험집단과 통제집단의 소셜 미디어 리터러시 핵심역량에 대한 평균 비교를 위해 독립표본 t-검정을, 실험집단 내 핵심역량 평균점수 비교를 위해 종속표본 t-검정을, 그리고 실험집단과 통제집단의 핵심역량 사후검사 평균점수의 통계적 차이를 분석하기 위해 공분산분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 소셜 미디어 리터러시 핵심역량 평균점수는 통제집단 대비 실험집단에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 실험집단에서 사전검사 대비 사후검사 평균점수가 통계적으로 유의미하게 높았다. 그리고 두 집단의 사전검사 영향력을 통제한 상태에서 사후검사 평균점수 차이를 비교한 결과, 실험집단의 평균점수가 통제집단에 비해 통계적으로 유의미하게 높았다. 결과적으로 핵심역량 중심의 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육과정은 학습자의 소셜 미디어 리터러시 증진에 기여했음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그간 다수의 선행연구에서 미디어 리터러시를 포함하여 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육과정이 학습자의 리터러시 증진에 긍정적으로 기여할 수 있음을 언급해왔으나, 이에 대한 실증적인 분석 결과를 제시하는 데 한계가 있었다. 본 연구는 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육과정 제안에만 그치지 않고 핵심 역량 중심의 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육과정을 개발하고, 교육과정 수행을 통해 그 효과를 분석했다는 것에 의의가 있다. 결론에서는 분석 결과를 종합하여 소셜 미디어 리터러시 교육 개선 및 발전에 관한 함의를 제시하였다.
Abstract
Social media literacy is recognized as one way to help communicate well between users on social media and prevent various types of adverse effects that may arise from social media use. Especially for elementary school students who are actively participating and rapidly socializing in social media spaces, the importance of social media literacy is even greater. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the curriculum and analyze the effects of education based on elementary school students' social media usage patterns. This study aims to develop a social media literacy education program centered on core competencies (access and use, social connectedness, digital ethics, civil engagement) and analyze the changes in the level of core competencies of learners before and after completing the program. In six sessions, a social media literacy education curriculum for the upper elementary reflecting the core competencies of social media literacy was developed to analyze the educational effectiveness. Education was conducted by dividing 81 sixth graders into experimental and control groups. The data analysis used an independent samples t-test to compare the average social media literacy core competencies between the experimental and control groups. A dependent samples t-test was conducted to compare the experimental group's mean scores of core competencies. Additionally, covariance (ANCOVA) analysis was conducted to analyze the statistical difference between the experimental and control groups' post-test mean scores of core competencies. According to the analysis results, the average score of core competencies for social media literacy was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, the post-test average score was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the pre-test. Furthermore, when controlling for the influence of pre-tests in both groups, comparing the mean scores of post-tests showed that the experimental group's mean score was significantly higher than the control group's mean score. In conclusion, the social media literacy education program centered on core competencies enhanced learners' social media literacy. Previous studies have mentioned that the social media literacy curriculum, including the media literacy curriculum, can positively promote learners' literacy. However, there has been a limit to presenting empirical analysis results. This study is not only limited to proposing a social media literacy education curriculum but also developing an education curriculum centered on the core competencies of social media literacy and analyzing the effectiveness of education through curriculum implementation. Based on the research results, implications for improving and developing social media literacy education were presented.
Keywords:
Social media, Literacy, Curriculum, Core competency키워드:
소셜 미디어, 리터러시, 교육과정, 핵심역량Acknowledgments
The first draft of this study is based on Yun-Mi Park’s Ph.D. thesis “Social Media Literacy Study - Curriculum Development and Effects of Adolescent Literacy Education” (Sogang University, 2022). (본 논문의 초고는 2022년 서강대학교 박윤미의 박사학위 논문 ‘소셜미디어 리터러시 교육 효과에 관한 연구 : 청소년 대상 교육 프로그램 개발 및 시행을 중심으로’(지도교수 : 나은영)에 근거함)
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