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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 67, No. 3, pp.127-159
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 30 Jun 2023
Received 17 Feb 2023 Accepted 17 May 2023 Revised 31 May 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2023.67.3.004

기술 유토피아의 도구적 상상과 국가 프로젝트로서 1인 미디어 : 알고리즘 리터러시 논의를 중심으로

홍남희**
**서울시립대학교 도시인문학연구소 연구교수 namheehong777@gmail.com
Instrumental Imagination of Technological Utopias and YouTuber as a State-Centric Project : Focusing on the Discussion of Algorithmic Literacy
Namhee Hong**
**University of Seoul, Urban Humanities Institute namheehong777@gmail.com

초록

이 연구는 국가 주도의 기술 유토피아 상상이 1인 미디어 중심의 디지털 생태계를 중심으로 어떻게 고안, 실천되고 있는지 살펴보았다. 오늘날 유튜브 창작자는 동시대 청년들이 선택할 수 있는 창의 노동의 일종으로, 자기관리에 능숙한 기업가적 주체와 자기의 브랜드화를 독려하고, 알고리즘에 기반한 자동화된 주체성을 구성하고 있다. 이 연구는 ‘디지털 뉴딜’의 일환으로 시행되는 정부 주도의 청년 창작자 양성 계획이 한국 사회의 압축적 근대화와 국가 주도의 정보통신 정책의 계보 속에서 어떻게 자리 잡고 있는지 살펴보고, 이것이 유튜브를 통한 청년 실업 및 지역 경제 활성화라는 기술 유토피아적 관점이자 접근과 창작 위주의 제한적인 미디어 리터러시 관점을 전제하고 있다고 보았다. 이에 따라 이 글은 동시대 알고리즘 환경에 대한 이해를 기반으로 한 알고리즘 리터러시 개념을 제안하였다. 알고리즘 리터러시는 1인 창작자가 처한 구조적 조건으로서 디지털 미디어 환경이 “웹의 플랫폼화”로 진전되어 왔으며, 이에 기반한 인간-비인간의 연합과 기술-인간-문화의 상호구성으로 이루어져 있음을 전제한다. 이에 따라 창작자는 알고리즘을 기반으로 한 연결의 망 속에 위치해 있음을 인지하고 파편적 정보가 아닌 종합적 현실과 연결성을 고려한 실천을 해야 한다. 또한 창작자가 상업적 인플루언서로서의 역할을 인지하고 플랫폼 종속적인 불안정 노동 조건을 인식하게 한다. 알고리즘 리터러시 논의는 1인 미디어 창작자의 창작 환경으로서 알고리즘에 대한 이해를 보다 정교화하면서 플랫폼 자본주의의 작동 방식을 가시화한다는 의미를 갖는다.

Abstract

This paper explores the historical context of Korean compressive modernisation and state-led ICT policies, and how the government-led young creator training programme, launched as part of the "Digital New Deal," fits within that context. Additionally, based on the government's media literacy-related policy discourses and practices, this article examines how the state-led vision of technological utopias is created and applied to the YouTube-centered digital environment. Youth might engage in gig work or platformized labor in their daily lives as a result of the platformization and algorithmization of the digital environment, which has taken over life, culture, and the economy. One sort of work that young people might select is creating YouTube video, and this creates a neoliberal subjectivity of entrepreneurial subjects capable of managing themselves in the context of the algorithmic environment. By analyzing the plan to nurture young creators as a state-centric project, we can see the YouTube-centered digital ecosystem as a solution to various social problems in South Korea, such as youth unemployment, the urban-rural gap and the financial crisis. Besides, the government's YouTuber training plan presupposes a growing subject who faithfully follows the algorithm of YouTube, gains global fame and actively builds their brand. Investing in the technology sector and training technical specialists are typical components of state-led technology development. However, the government-led initiative for one-person media makes YouTube the default platform and promotes young people as the ideal subjects for the digital age. The line between work and play is blending under digital capitalism, and as this is tied to the process of flexible labor in society, the state-led one-person media project assumes a technological utopian imagination and offers young people a new subjectivity. This research conducts a critical analysis of these regulations and investigates the discussion of algorithmic literacy as a substitute to broaden the present discourses and policies surrounding media literacy. Algorithmic literacy, as a structural condition faced by a single creator, premises that the digital media ecosystem has progressed to platformization and is composed of human-nonhuman association and technology-human-culture mutual composition. Accordingly, creators should recognize that they are located in a network of connections based on algorithms and should practice considering comprehensive reality and connectivity rather than fragmented information. Algorithm literacy can also be used to take on responsibility as a marketer who resists algorithmic governmentality and automation. It should also address the relational and ethical issues that arise because of the way technology functions. Discussing algorithmic literacy entails illustrating how platform capitalism operates and expanding on the notion of algorithms as a vibrant ecosystem by taking into account a number of agents, including media, policy, technology, marketer, advertiser, and the audience that surrounds one-person media creators.

Keywords:

Influencer, YouTuber, Digital New Deal, Algorithmic Literacy

키워드:

인플루언서, 유튜버, 디지털 뉴딜, 알고리즘 리터러시

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2022S1A5C2A02093521)(이 논문은 2022년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2022S1A5C2A02093521)).

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