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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 67, No. 3, pp.160-205
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 30 Jun 2023
Received 14 Apr 2023 Accepted 05 Jun 2023 Revised 06 Jun 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2023.67.3.005

20대 젠더 갈등에 대한 뉴스 의제 및 프레임 분석 : 토픽 모델링과 텍스트 분류 알고리즘을 이용한 2022년 선거 국면에서의 ‘이대남·이대녀’ 현상에 대한 언론보도 탐색

오다슬** ; 이신행***
**중앙대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션학과 박사과정 ektmf2546@hanmail.net
***중앙대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션학과 부교수 shinlee@cau.ac.kr
Analyzing the News Agenda and Frames of Gender Conflict in the 20s : Using Topic Modeling and Text Classification Algorithms To Explore Media Coverage of the "Men and Women in Their 20s" Phenomenon in the Run-up to the 2022 Elections
Da Seul Oh** ; Shin Haeng Lee***
**Doctoral Student, Department of Media and Communication, Chung-Ang University, first author ektmf2546@hanmail.net
***Associate Professor, Department of Media and Communication, Chung-Ang University, corresponding author shinlee@cau.ac.kr

초록

본 논문은 2022년 선거 국면에서 언론이 보도한 ‘이대남·이대녀’ 의제의 정치·사회적 속성을 파악하고 해당 의제가 어떠한 프레임으로 다뤄졌는지를 분석하였다. 특히 새로운 정치세력으로 주목받은 20대 청년층이 성별에 따른 정치적 대립으로 소비되는 경향을 중점적으로 살펴보아, 언론이 ‘이대남·이대녀’에 결부된 복합적 의제 속성을 20대의 젠더 갈등적 문제로 한정시키는 모습을 포착하였다. 먼저 의제 속성을 파악하기 위해 3,431건의 기사를 대상으로 토픽 모델링 방법을 실시하였고, ‘이대남·이대녀’ 의제의 세부 토픽을 추출한 후 정책-사회 의제 속성과 남성-여성 의제 속성을 기준으로 군집화하였다. 도출된 토픽 대다수가 20대 대선 당시 정치 후보들의 공약과 관련되어 ‘이대남·이대녀’가 정치적 맥락에서 소비되는 모습을 확인하였다. 다음으로 자동화 방식의 텍스트 분류 알고리즘을 통해 ‘이대남·이대녀’ 관련 보도의 젠더 프레임 구성을 분석하였다. 젠더 이슈 분석 프레임, 젠더 재현 프레임, 그리고 젠더 갈등 프레임이라는 세 가지 프레임을 기준으로 프레임 판별에 의제 속성이 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과, ‘이대남·이대녀’ 의제 중 여성-정책 의제 속성인 ‘여성할당제’ 토픽, 남성-사회 의제 속성인 ‘남성혐오논란’ 토픽, 그리고 남성-정책 의제 속성인 ‘장병급식’ 토픽이 상대적으로 젠더 갈등적인 보도 프레임 사용에 유의미한 정적 효과를 미치고 있음을 확인했다. 무엇보다 의제 속성 차원에서 여성-정책 속성만이 다른 의제 속성과 달리 젠더 갈등 프레임과 정적 상관관계를 보이고 있어 여성 중심의 정책 이슈가 사회적 갈등과 논란의 문제로 국한되는 경향을 발견했다. 한편 젠더 재현 프레임과 의제 속성 간의 관계에서 ‘이대남’이 페미니즘을 공격하는 집단이자 극우 포퓰리즘적 이미지로 재현되고 있으며 ‘이대녀’는 여성 차별에 반대하는 집단이자 범죄의 피해자와 같은 사회적 약자로 재현되고 있음을 확인하였다. 이 같은 결과를 통해 본 연구는 언론이 ‘장병급식’ 토픽과 같은 남성-정책 의제나 ‘여성할당제’ 토픽과 같은 ‘여성-정책 의제’를 젠더 갈등적으로 보도해 청년 대상인 선거 공약을 특정 성별과 결부시킴으로써 이슈를 일종의 성 대결로 몰고 갔음을 발견했다. 본 연구는 속성 의제설정 이론과 프레임 이론을 이론적 기반으로 하여 보도 프레임과 의제 간의 관계를 고찰하였으며, 연구방법의 차원에서는 토픽 모델링과 지도기계학습을 결합한 형태의 분석으로 연구결과를 도출하는 학술적 기여를 하였다.

Abstract

This study identifies the political and social attributes of the "Men and Women in their 20s" agenda and analyzes the framing of the media coverage during the 2022 election campaign. In particular, we focus on the tendency of young adults in their 20s, who have been highlighted as a new political force, to be consumed by gender-based political conflicts, and capture how the media limited the complex agenda attributes of the 'Men and Women in their 20s' agenda to gender-conflicting issues in the 20s. First, we conducted topic modeling on 3,431 relevant news articles to identify agenda attributes, and extracted detailed topics of the 'Men and Women in their 20s' agenda and clustered them based on policy-social agenda attributes and male-female agenda attributes. Most of the extracted topics were related to the campaigns of political candidates in the 20th presidential election, confirming the consumption of 'Men and Women in their 20s' in a political context. Next, we analyzed the composition of gender frames in the coverage of the 'Men and Women in their 20s' agenda through an automated text classification algorithm. We, then, examined the effect of agenda attributes on three gender frames: gender issue analysis frame, gender representation frame, and gender conflict frame, and found that among the agenda attributes of 'Men and Women in their 20s', the female-policy agenda attribute 'female quota system', the male-social agenda attribute 'man-hating controversy', and the male-policy agenda attribute 'soldier meals' had a significant positive effect on the use of gender conflict frame. Moreover, at the agenda attribute level, only the female-policy attribute was positively correlated with the gender conflict frame, unlike other agenda attributes, suggesting that women-oriented policy issues tend to be limited to social conflict and controversy. On the other hand, when it comes to the relationship between agenda attributes and gender representation frame, we found that the 'Men in their 20s' are represented as a group attacking feminism and a far-right populist image, while the 'Women in their 20s' are represented as a socially vulnerable group such as victims of crime and a group opposing discrimination against women. We also found that the new media reported male-policy agenda attributes, such as the 'soldier meals' topic, or female-policy agenda attributes, such as the 'female quota system' topic, in a gender-conflicted manner, turning the issue into a kind of gender confrontation by associating election promises for young people with a specific gender. The theoretical contribution of this study is that it examined the relationship between news agendas and gender-related frames based on attribute agenda-setting theory and frame theory, and explored a research method that combines topic modeling and supervised machine learning at the research methodological level.

Keywords:

Phenomenon of ‘Men and Women in Their 20s’, Gender News Agenda, Gender Frames, Topic Modeling, Text Classification Algorithms

키워드:

이대남·이대녀 현상, 젠더 뉴스 의제, 젠더 프레임, 토픽 모델링, 텍스트 분류 알고리즘

Acknowledgments

This study is based on a presentation that was delivered at and awarded by the Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies (KSJCS) Annual Conference in May 2023. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2020S1A5A8046843)(이 논문은 2023년 한국언론학회 춘계학술대회에서 수상한 논문을 수정 및 보완한 것이며, 2020년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 인문사회분야 신진연구자지원사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2020S1A5A8046843)).

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