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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 68, No. 1, pp.269-306
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 29 Feb 2024
Received 13 Aug 2023 Accepted 23 Jan 2024 Revised 28 Jan 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2024.68.1.008

여성 대상 범죄 보도 프레임 : 2014년 성폭행 사건 언론 보도로 인한 손해배상 판결 전후의 비교

김영은* ; 윤영민**
*고려대학교 미디어학과 박사수료 gerade97@korea.ac.kr
**고려대학교 미디어학부 교수 ymyoon@korea.ac.kr
Frames of Reporting on Crimes Against Women : A Comparison of Before and After the Damages Judgement Due to the Press Coverage on the Sexual Assault in 2014
Young-eun Kim* ; Youngmin Yoon**
*Ph.D. Candidate, School of Media and Communication, Korea University, first author gerade97@korea.ac.kr
**Professor, School of Media and Communication, Korea University, corresponding author ymyoon@korea.ac.kr

초록

범죄뉴스는 늘 선정적이고 자극적이다. 그 피해자가 여성인 경우 그러한 경향은 더 두드러진다. 다수의 선행연구에서 취재 관행 개선과 적절한 보도 준칙이 해결책으로 제시되기도 했지만, 여성 대상 범죄 보도는 여전히 여러 문제를 안고 있다. 언론은 프레이밍을 통해 이슈를 어떻게 이해해야 하는지에 영향을 준다. 때문에 여성 대상 범죄 보도는 더욱 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 2003년부터 2022년까지 총 20년간 언론에 비친 여성 대상 범죄의 종류 및 가해자-피해자 관계를 살펴보고, 여성 대상 범죄 보도의 프레임에 어떠한 변화가 있었는지를 내용분석을 통해 고찰했다. 특히, 성폭행 보도에 대한 언론의 과도한 보도로 인해 피해를 입은 피해자 가족에게 언론사가 거액의 손해배상을 판결받은 2014년 전후를 비교했다. 분석에 사용된 기사는 조선일보, 동아일보, 한겨레, 경향신문 보도 총 687건이다. 연구 결과, 언론에 보도된 범죄 종류는 실제 범죄 발생률과는 다르게 더 강력한 범죄(살인)가 가장 많이 보도되었으며, 가해자는 타인(29.0%), 친족(27.5%), 지인(21.4%), 애인(20.4%) 순으로 많았는데, 여성을 대상으로 하는 범죄의 약 70%가 친족, 지인, 애인 등 아는 사이에서 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 형식적 프레임의 경우, 사건의 원인과 사회적 문제점 등을 종합적으로 살펴보는 주제적 프레임이 증가하고, 일화적 프레임은 감소하는 등 긍정적 변화를 확인했으나, 최근 들어 다시 주제적 프레임이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 내용적 프레임에서도 인간적 흥미 프레임이 급격하게 감소하는 모습을 보여 긍정적이나, 선행연구에서 끊임없이 문제로 지적되어 온 피해자 책임 프레임과 여성 대상 범죄 사건을 또 하나의 범죄 사건으로 보거나, 범죄에 연루된 사람들을 일반인과는 동떨어진 사람들로 비추는 경계 만들기 프레임이 오히려 증가했다. 여성이 피해자인 범죄의 경우 그 원인, 가해자와의 관계, 사회적 안전망 등의 문제를 면밀히 따져 사회 구조적 문제는 없는지 짚어보는 역할을 언론이 해줘야 한다. 문제의식에 기반을 둔 객관적인 보도와 적절한 정보의 제공은 많은 변화를 가져올 수 있다. 언론 내부의 문제의식과 지속적인 자성 노력, 언론인 교육 및 인식 개선 등이 요구되며, 여성 대상 범죄 관련 더 많은 학계의 연구가 필요하다.

Abstract

Crime news often sensationalizes incidents, particularly when women are the victims. While many studies have suggested that improved reporting practices and proper reporting guidelines are solutions for improper crime reporting, the reporting of crimes against women still has issues to tackle. Media coverage of such crimes is important because it shapes the understanding of the issue through framing. This study examined the types of crimes against women and the perpetrator-victim relationship in the media from 2003 to 2022, and how the framing of these crimes changed, particularly before and after the court awarded significant damages to the family of a victim due to the media over-reporting of a sexual assault in 2014, also known as ‘the Ko Jongseok case.‘ A content analysis was conducted. A total of 687 articles were analyzed from Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, Hankyoreh, and Kyunghyang Shinmun. First, the research revealed disparities between the types of crimes reported in the media and the actual incidence of these crimes. It highlighted that more violent crimes, such as murder, were the most frequently covered. Moreover, analysis of the perpetrator-victim relationship data demonstrated that strangers (29.0%), relatives (27.5%), acquaintances (21.4%), and lovers (20.4%), with about 70% of crimes against women occurred between acquaintances. Unlike other crimes, crimes against women are overwhelmingly perpetrated by acquaintances, so there is a need for official statistics and measures to be taken. Regarding the format of frames, there was an observable shift: thematic frames, which extensively explore the causes of incidents and societal issues, initially increased while episodic frames decreased. Episodic frames, which accounted for 94.3% of all format frames before 2014, decreased to 87.2%, and thematic frames, which were 4.1%, increased to 9.7%. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in thematic framing. In terms of content frames, the human interest frame experienced a sharp decrease after 2014 from 40.2% to 23.8%. Conversely, frames associated with victim blaming - consistently identified as problematic in previous studies - and the boundary-making frame, which perceives crimes against women as mere criminal cases or those involved as distinct from the general public, have increased. In addressing crimes against women, the media should take on the responsibility of scrutinizing underlying causes, perpetrator relationships, and societal safety nets to identify potential structural issues. Objective, gender-sensitive reporting and the providing of appropriate information can significantly impact this issue. This necessitates media self-awareness, continuous self-examination, journalist training, awareness campaigns, and further academic research into crimes against women.

Keywords:

Media Framing, Reporting on Crimes Against Women, Violence Against Women, Femicide

키워드:

프레이밍, 여성 대상 범죄 보도, 여성 대상 폭력, 페미사이드

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