The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication - Vol. 68, No. 6, pp.143-177
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Dec 2024
Received 04 Oct 2024 Revised 26 Nov 2024 Accepted 28 Nov 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2024.68.6.004

온라인 뉴스콘텐츠이용이 언론 및 언론인에 대한 부정적 인식에 미치는 효과 : 구조방정식모델링을 통한 인과성 추론

정낙원**
**서울여자대학교 언론영상학부 교수 paradise@swu.ac.kr
Influence of Online News Content Consumption on Negative Perceptions of News Media and Journalists : Causal Inference Using Structural Equation Modeling
Nakwon Jung**
**Professor, School of Media and Communication, Seoul Women’s University paradise@swu.ac.kr

초록

본 연구는 국내언론에 대한 부정적 인식과 뉴스회피현상이 확산되는 상황에서, 전통 뉴스미디어와 대비되는 새로운 형식의 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠(인터넷, SNS, 동영상, 숏폼 뉴스) 이용이 언론 및 언론인에 대한 평가에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 탐색하였다. 구체적으로, 먼저 다중회귀분석을 통해 전통 뉴스콘텐츠(신문, TV뉴스) 및 온라인 뉴스콘텐츠(인터넷, SNS, 동영상, 숏폼) 이용과 언론 및 언론인에 대한 인식의 관계를 탐색한 후, 뉴스콘텐츠 이용이 언론 인식에 영향을 미치는 효과 경로를 기본모델로, 언론 인식이 뉴스콘텐츠 이용에 영향을 미치는 효과 경로를 대안모델로 설정하고 구조방정식모델링 적합도 비교를 통해 어떤 경로가 더 타당한지 인과성을 추론하였다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 언론 및 언론인 인식과의 관계에 있어서 대표적인 전통 뉴스콘텐츠인 TV뉴스는 대체로 정적 관계가 나타난 반면, 인터넷, SNS, 동영상, 숏폼 등 온라인 뉴스콘텐츠 이용은 모두 부적관계가 나타났다. 구조방정식모델의 적합도는 뉴스콘텐츠 이용이 언론 및 언론인에 대한 인식에 미치는 효과를 설정한 기본모델이 반대의 경로를 설정한 대안모델보다 여러 지표에서 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 언론 및 언론인에 대한 인식이 TV뉴스 이용에 따라 긍정적으로 형성되는 반면, 온라인 뉴스 콘텐츠 이용의 결과 부정적으로 형성된다는 것이다. 이러한 결과는 언론에 대한 인식을 개선하고 뉴스소비를 촉진시키기 위해 뉴스품질저하를 비롯한 기성언론의 내부문제에만 주목하기보다, 변화한 뉴스미디어환경에서 어떤 온라인 뉴스콘텐츠의 속성과 소비행태가 언론에 대한 불신을 불러일으키는지에 관심을 기울일 필요가 있음을 제안한다.

Abstract

Unlike many studies that have found declining news quality and lack of basic journalistic principles as causes of declining media trust, this study explores how the use of new forms of online news content (e.g., internet, social media, videos, short-form news), as opposed to traditional news media, influences the evaluation of the media and journalists in a context where negative perceptions of domestic media and news avoidance are widespread. Specifically, a multiple regression analysis was first conducted to examine the relationship between the use of traditional news content (e.g., newspapers, TV news) and online news content (e.g., internet, social media, videos, short-form news) and perceptions of the news media and journalists. Subsequently, the study employed a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to compare two models: the basic model, where news content use influences perceptions of the news media, and the alternative model, where perceptions of the news media influence news content use. The analysis aimed to infer which causal path is more valid based on model fit. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that, in relation to perceptions of the news media and journalists, TV news, the representative form of traditional news content, generally had a positive relationship, while the use of online news content (e.g., internet, social media, videos, and short-form news) demonstrated a negative relationship. The goodness-of-fit for the structural equation model showed that the basic model, where news content use affects perceptions of the news media and journalists, was superior to the alternative model, which assumed the reverse path, across various indicators such as chi-square, CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR, AIC, and BIC. In other words, perceptions of the news media and journalists tend to be positively shaped by the use of TV news, while they are negatively influenced by the use of online news content. These findings suggest that the alternative interpretation of online news content as a substitute for declining trust in the news media is more plausible than the interpretation that online news content is the cause of declining trust in the media. It also suggests that, in order to improve perceptions of the media and encourage news consumption, it is important not only to focus on internal issues within traditional media, such as declining news quality, but also to pay attention to how the attributes and consumption patterns of online news content in the evolving media environment contribute to distrust in the media.

Keywords:

news trust, SNS news, video news, short-form news, online news content

키워드:

언론 신뢰도, SNS뉴스, 동영상뉴스, 숏폼뉴스, 온라인 뉴스콘텐츠

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a research grant from Seoul Women’s University(2024-0264). It was based on a revision of the conference paper presented to the ‘9th Conference of Statistical Application of Media Audience and Journalist Analysis’(이 논문은 서울여자대학교 학술연구비의 지원(2024-0264)을 받았으며, 한국언론진흥재단의 ‘제9회 언론 통계 활용 학술대회’에서 발표한 논문을 수정한 것임).

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