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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 67, No. 2, pp.79-116
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 30 Apr 2023
Received 07 Dec 2022 Revised 27 Mar 2023 Accepted 28 Mar 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2023.67.2.003

인스타그램을 이용하는 대학생들의 심리적 안녕에 영향을 미치는 상향비교의 하부차원 탐색

송인덕*
*중부대학교 미디어커뮤니케이션학과 교수 isongcom@gmail.com
Examining the Impact of Upward Comparison Subdimensions on the Psychological Well-Being of College Students Using Instagram
Indeok Song*
*Professor, Dept. of Media & Communication, Joongbu University isongcom@gmail.com

초록

오늘날 일상의 커뮤니케이션 환경에서 소셜미디어의 두드러진 역할과 소셜미디어를 통한 자기표현의 편향성을 고려해 볼 때, 소셜미디어가 이용자들의 상향비교 경험에 미치는 영향 및 이용자들의 심리적 안녕과 관련한 후속적인 결과들을 파악하고 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 소셜미디어의 부정적 효과에 상대적으로 취약한 대학생들을 대상으로 그들이 최근 가장 많이 이용 중인 인스타그램에서의 타인과의 상향비교(upward comparison) 경험과 심리적 안녕(자존감, 삶의 만족, 삶의 만족 기대, 우울감) 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 대부분의 관련 선행연구들이 소셜미디어를 통한 상향비교를 단일 차원의 요인으로 간주하여 분석함으로써 이용자의 심리적 안녕에 영향을 미치는 상향비교의 구체적 차원이나 비교대상을 세밀하게 파악하지 못했던 반면, 본 연구에서는 상향비교 경험을 비교대상에 따라 8개의 하부차원으로 구분하여 분석함으로써 선행연구의 제한점을 보완하고자 하였다. 전국의 총 631명의 설문자료를 분석한 결과, 대학생들은 인스타그램에서 다른 사람이 소유한 좋은 물건 그리고 외모나 신체조건 등의 외형적/물질적 차원보다는 다른 사람이 열심히 살아가는 모습과 무언가를 성취하는 모습의 내면적 차원에서 상향비교를 가장 많이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 인스타그램을 이용하는 대학생들의 타인과의 상향비교가 외모 또는 신체조건 그리고 여행, 레저, 취미, 맛집 탐방 등의 특별한 이벤트를 포함하는 화려한 라이프스타일 등의 차원에서도 그 경험 수준이 비교적 높다는 사실은 여전히 우려되는 지점이다. 대학생 이용자의 성별과 연령 그리고 이용시간량과 팔로잉을 하는 이용자의 수가 상향비교 경험에 영향을 미치는 주요 선행요인인 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과들은, 소셜미디어를 통한 타인과의 상향비교가 심리적 안녕 뿐만 아니라 신체적 및 사회적으로 다양한 영역에서 부정적인 효과를 초래할 가능성이 많다는 점을 고려해 볼 때, 대학생들의 인스타그램 이용시간량 그리고 인스타그램을 통해 형성하는 관계의 질과 규모에 대한 적절한 개입 및 가이드라인 제시의 필요성을 시사하고 있다. 소셜미디어를 통한 타인과의 상향비교 경험이 이용자의 심리적 안녕에 부정적 영향을 미치는 경향을 보고해 온 대부분의 선행연구들과 달리, 상향비교의 다양한 차원들 중 일부, 즉 다른 사람의 열심히 살아가는 모습, 무언가를 성취하는 모습, 그리고 행복한 일상을 보면서 경험하는 상향비교가 심리적 안녕에 부정적 영향을 미치며, 오히려 다른 사람이 무언가를 성취하는 모습은 미래의 삶의 만족 기대를 높이는 긍정적 효과가 있음을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과들은 상향비교 경험은 대체적으로 이용자의 심리적 안녕에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악해 온 선행연구의 결과와 다소 상이한 것으로서, 이용자들이 인스타그램을 포함한 소셜미디어에서 주로 어떤 비교대상(하부차원)을 통한 상향비교를 경험하는가에 따라 심리적 안녕에 미치는 결과가 긍정적 또는 부정적인 방향으로 달라질 수 있음을 의미한다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 청소년 및 청년층의 인스타그램을 포함한 소셜미디어의 건강한 이용을 위한 가이드라인 마련과 온라인 환경 조성을 위해 필요한 후속연구의 방향을 논의하였다.

Abstract

It is crucial to recognize and comprehend how social media affects users' feelings of upward comparison and the consequences this has for their psychological well-being given the prominent role that social media plays in today's daily communication environment and the biased self-presentation that occurs through social media. This study focused on college students, who are particularly susceptible to the negative impacts of social media, to determine the relationship between upward comparison with others on Instagram and users' psychological well-being (self-esteem, life satisfaction, life satisfaction expectancy, and depression). In this study, the upward comparison was broken down into eight sub-dimensions in accordance with the comparison purpose and then assessed in light of the limitations of earlier studies. College students on Instagram experience upward comparison most strongly in relation to others' effort and success and less strongly in relation to the external/material dimensions of good things others possess and appearance or physical conditions, according to survey data of 631 college students across South Korea. Nevertheless, it is concerning that college students who use Instagram are more likely to compare themselves to others in terms of their appearance and physical condition, as well as in terms of their extravagant lifestyles that include special events such as travel, recreational activities, hobbies, and dining experiences. Gender and age of college students using Instagram, amount of time used, and number of followings were the factors that influenced the experience of upward comparison. Given that upward comparison with other through social media is likely to have negative effects on psychologicla well-being, as well as a variety of physical and social domains, these findings suggest the need for appropriate interventions and guidelines on the amount of time college students spend on Instagram, as well as the quality and scale of the relationships they form through it. Unlike most previous studies that reported that upward comparisons with others negatively affect users' psychological well-being, this study found that only some of the different dimensions of upward comparisons, such as others' hard work, achievements, and happy daily lives, negatively affect psychological well-being, and that comparing oneself with others' achievements positively affects expectations of future life satisfaction. These results differ somewhat from those of other studies, which discovered that upward comparison generally has a detrimental effect on users' psychological well-being. This implies that depending on the exact aspect of upward comparison that a user mostly experiences on social media, including Instagram, the influence on psychological well-being may be positive or negative. Based on these findings, the direction of follow-up research needed to establish guidelines for healthy use of social media, including Instagram, and to create an online environment was discussed.

Keywords:

Instragram, upward comparison, self-esteem, life satisfaction, depression

키워드:

인스타그램, 상향 비교, 자존감, 삶의 만족, 우울감

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Appendix

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