Your browser does not support the PubReader view.
Go to this page to see a list of supporting browsers.
The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication Studies (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 67, No. 4, pp.158-197
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Aug 2023
Received 16 Dec 2022 Revised 02 Aug 2023 Accepted 04 Aug 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2023.67.4.005

한국 일간지 시사비평 칼럼은 무엇을, 어떻게 조명하는가? : 미디어 구성주의를 중심으로 살펴본 6개 정부별 내용분석

김창숙** ; 배정근*** ; 이완수****
**KAIST 문술미래전략대학원 위촉연구원 changchangh@naver.com
***숙명여자대학교 미디어학부 교수 jkpae@sm.ac.kr
****동서대학교 방송영상학과 교수 wansoo1960@gmail.com
What and How Do Korean Newspaper Columns Cover? : A Content Analysis of 6 Governments with a Focusing on Media Constructionism
Changsook Kim** ; Jung Kun Pae*** ; Wansoo Lee****
**Post Doctorial Fellow, Moon Soul Graduate School of Future Strategy, KAIST changchangh@naver.com
***Professor, School of Communication & Media, Sookmyung Women's University jkpae@sm.ac.kr
****Professor, Broadcasting & Media Studies, Dongseo University, corresponding author wansoo1960@gmail.com

초록

이 연구는 국내 주요 일간지 시사 비평칼럼이 어떤 사회적 의제를 어떻게 구성하는지 구성주의 이론을 바탕으로 살펴보고, 다양한 의제를 공론장에 제공해야 한다는 사회적 책무를 적절히 수행하고 있는지 관찰하였다. 이를 위해 1993부터 2021년까지 28년간 <경향신문>, <조선일보>, <중앙일보>, <한겨레> 신문의 오피니언면에 게재된 주요 사내외 시사 칼럼 1,729건의 주의제, 세부 의제, 그리고 프레임을 신문사별, 정부별, 정부 시기별, 신문과 정부의 이념별로 구분해 내용 분석했다. 분석결과, 국내 신문 시사 칼럼은 정치 의제가 가장 많았으며, 그 가운데서도 대통령 의제에 편중되어 사회 공론장에 다양한 의제를 제공하지 못하고 있었다. 보수신문 칼럼은 ‘정치 의제’에, 진보신문 칼럼은 ‘사회 의제’에 더 비중을 두고 있었다. 또 정부 출범 초기에 많았던 대통령 의제가 정부 후반부로 갈수록 감소하는 대신에, 정당 정치 의제가 증가했다. 의제 프레임에 있어서는 책임귀인 프레임이 가장 많았다. 보수지인 <조선일보>는 인간적 흥미 프레임을, <중앙일보>는 도덕적 평가 프레임을, <경향신문>은 책임귀인 프레임을, 그리고 <한겨레>는 경제적 결과 프레임을 타 신문사보다 더 많이 사용했다. 또한 정부 초기에는 책임 귀인 프레임이 주로 등장하다가, 정부 후반부로 가면서는 인간적 흥미 프레임이 더 빈번하게 등장했다. 의제 선택의 편향성, 정치 의제의 과도한 편중, 그리고 의제의 정치적 편향성은 한국 신문 시사 칼럼의 한계로 지적되었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine how opinion columns in South Korea's major daily newspapers construct social agendas based on constructionism, and to examine whether they adequately fulfill their social responsibility to provide diverse agendas for public discussion. To this end, we analyzed the main themes, subthemes, and framing of 1,729 content of representative columns written by internal and external writers of newspapers published on the opinion pages of <Kyunghyang Shinmun>, <Chosun Ilbo>, <Joongang Ilbo>, and <Hankyoreh> over the 28 years of six administrations from 1993 to 2021, categorized by newspaper, government, government period, and ideology of the newspaper and government. The analysis showed that Korean newspaper opinion columns cover political agendas the most, and among them, they are biased toward the presidential agenda, failing to provide a diverse agenda for the public sphere. Still, interms of detailed agenda, the presidential, economic crisis, social conflict, pop culture, history, and science agendas tended to decrease. In contrast, party politics, health and welfare, and social security agendas tended to increase. When looking at agendas by government, we found that political agendas tended to be covered more during the Kim Young-sam administration, economic agendas during the Kim Dae-jung administration, and social agendas during the Moon Jae-in administration compared to other administrations. Culture-related agendas increased significantly during the Roh Moo-hyun, Lee Myung-bak, and Moon Jae-in administrations compared to other periods. While the differences in agenda by the government were not statistically significant, there were significant differences in the details of the agenda. Conservative newspaper columns focused more on the political agenda, while liberal newspaper opinion columns focused more on the social agenda. Also, the presidential agenda, which was more prevalent in the early years of the government, decreased toward the end of the government, while the party's political agenda increased. Regarding issue framing, the responsibility frame was the most common, and the framing of major daily newspapers' columns differed depending on the newspaper, government, and period. Specifically, Korean newspapers constructed their issue framing differentially through two axes of their political ideologies and reflection of social reality. The conservative Chosun Ilbo used the human interest frame, the JoongAng Ilbo used the moral evaluation frame, the Kyungyang Shinmun used the responsibility attribution frame, and the Hankyoreh used the economic consequences frame more than other newspapers. In addition, while the attribution of responsibility frame predominated in the early years of the government, the human interest frame appeared more frequently in the second half of the government. This demonstrates the tendency of the so-called "press-government parallelism," where media coverage operates in accordance with the government's ideology. These results indicate that South Korean current affairs columns are failing to reflect the diversity of issues in the public sphere. We suggest that Korean newspapers should select a diverse range of issues in the process of constructing column issues and avoid excessively highlighting political issues. It is necessary to avoid the bias of issues and perspectives that can make them appear like political instigators.

Keywords:

Constructionism, Public Sphere, News Agenda, News Frame, Newspaper Column

키워드:

구성주의, 공론장, 기사 의제, 프레임, 신문 칼럼

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the “Dongseo Cluster Project”of Dongseo University in 2022 (DSU-20220003)(이 논문은 2022년도 동서대학교 “Dongseo Cluster Project” 지원에 의해 이루어졌음(DSU-20220003)).

References

  • Adeoye, A. O. (2014). Discourse construction of social reality in newspaper opinion articles on Chinua Achebe’s death. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 17(1), 1-13.
  • Adoni, H., & Mane, S. (1984). Media and the social construction of reality: Toward an integration of theory and research. Communication Research, 11(3), 323-340. [https://doi.org/10.1177/009365084011003001]
  • An, S. K., & Gower, K. K. (2009). How do the news media frame crises? A content analysis of crisis news coverage. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 107-112. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.01.010]
  • Ansolabehere, S., & Iyengar, S. (1994). Riding the wave and claiming ownership over issues: The joint effects of advertising and news coverage in campaigns. Public Opinion Quarterly, 58(3), 335-357. [https://doi.org/10.1086/269431]
  • Bae, I. (2003). A study on conditions of newspapers’ opinion columns in Korea and their improvements. Master’s thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. [배인준 (2003). <한국 신문의 오피니언칼럼 운용실태와 질 제고 방안>. 연세대학교 언론홍보대학원 석사학위 논문.]
  • Baek, Y., Kim, H., Hahn, K., Jang, S., & Kim, Y. (2016). Political ideology and partisan newspaper exposure: Comparative study between external columnists as opinion leaders and general publics. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 60(1), 99-132. [백영민·김희정·한규섭·장슬기·김영석 (2016). 정치적 이념성향에 따른 정파적 신문 노출: 여론지도층으로서의 칼럼기고자와 일반 대중 비교 연구. <한국언론학보>, 60권 1호, 99-132.] [https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2016.60.1.004]
  • Bennett, W. L. (2012). The personalization of politics: Political identity, social media, and changing patterns of participation. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 644(1), 20-39. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212451428]
  • Bennett, W. L. (2016). News: The politics of illusion. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. [https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226345055.001.0001]
  • Benton, M., & Frazier, P. J. (1976). The agenda setting function of the mass media at three levels of “ information holding”. Communication Research, 3(3), 261-274. [https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027600300302]
  • Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (2016). The social construction of reality. In W. Longhofer & D. Winchester (Eds.), Social theory re-wired (pp. 110-122). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Brosius, H. B., & Eps, P. (1995). Prototyping through key events: News selection in the case of violence against aliens and asylum seekers in Germany. European Journal of Communication, 10(3), 391-412. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323195010003005]
  • Choi, J.-H., Kwak, D.-S., & Kim, S.-W. (2014). Analysis of media coverage on the nuclear crisis of Korean peninsula -Focused on domestic newspapers’ editorial opinions and columns-. Locality & Communication, 18(2), 245-281. [최종환·곽대섭·김성욱 (2014). 북핵 위기의 미디어 담론 분석: 국내 신문의 사설과 칼럼을 중심으로. 지역과 커뮤니케이션, 18권 2호, 245-281.]
  • Chyi, H. I., & McCombs, M. (2004). Media salience and the process of framing: Coverage of the Columbine school shootings. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 22-35. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900408100103]
  • Ciofalo, A., & Traverso, K. (1994). Does op-ed page have a chance to become a public forum? Newspaper Research Journal, 15(4), 51-63. [https://doi.org/10.1177/073953299401500407]
  • Cowart, H. (2020). What to think about: The applicability of agenda-settings in a social media context. Agenda Setting Journal, 4(2), 195-218. [https://doi.org/10.1075/asj.19001.cow]
  • Day, A. G., & Golan, G. (2005). Source and content diversity in op-ed pages: Assessing editorial strategies in the New York Times. Journalism Studies, 6(1), 61-72. [https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670052000328212]
  • Entman, R. M. (1991). Framing U.S. coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran Air incidents. Journal of Communication, 41(4), 6-27. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x]
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Towards clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x]
  • Firmstone, J. (2019). Editorial journalism and newspapers’ editorial opinions. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. [https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.803]
  • Fraser, N. (1990). Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. Social Text, 25/26, 56-80. [https://doi.org/10.2307/466240]
  • Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Golan, G., & Wanta, W. (2004). Guest columns add diversity to NY Times’ op-ed pages. Newspaper Research Journal, 25(2), 70-82. [https://doi.org/10.1177/073953290402500205]
  • Habermas, J. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Hoffman, L. H., & Slater, M. D. (2007). Evaluating public discourse in newspaper opinion articles: Values-framing and integrative complexity in substance and health policy issues. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84(1), 58-74. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900708400105]
  • Hu, H. R. (2000). Newspaper column in Korea. Seoul: Korea Press Foundation. [허행량 (2000). <한국의 신문칼럼>. 서울: 한국언론재단.]
  • Im, Y. J. (2013). An analysis of news frame on the attack against ROK ship Cheonan in the selected Korean daily newspapers. Journal of Social Science, 52(1), 251-285. [임양준 (2013). 한국 신문의 천안함 사태에 대한 프레임 비교 분석: 조선일보, 한국일보, 한겨레 사설과 칼럼을 중심으로. <사회과학연구>, 52권 1호, 251-285.]
  • Ireri, K. (2013). A study of newspaper columnists’ framing of Kenyan politics in post-2007 election violence. Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 34(2), 109-127. [https://doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2013.782284]
  • Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible?: How television frames political issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. [https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226388533.001.0001]
  • Jamieson, K. H. (1993). Dirty politics: Deception, distraction, and democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Kang, J. H., & Lee, I. W. (2014). Agenda and partisanship of political news reports widely read in portal sites: Comparative study on political news reports widely read in online newspapers. Journal of Cybercommunication Academic Society, 31(2), 5-44. [강주현·이인욱 (2014). 포털뉴스에서 많이 읽힌 정치뉴스의 의제와 정파성 : 온라인 신문에서 많이 읽힌 정치뉴스와 비교 연구. <사이버커뮤니케이션학보>, 31권 2호, 5-44.]
  • Kim, B. (2016). A critical discourse analysis of newspaper editorials and columns on progressivism. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 24(1), 65-90. [김병건 (2016). 신문의 사설･칼럼에 나타난 ‘진보’에 대한 비판적 담화 분석. <사회언어학>, 24권 1호, 65-90.] [https://doi.org/10.14353/sjk.2016.24.1.03]
  • Kim, D. (2016, May 4). Readable opinion pieces, so they evolve. Journalists’ Association Press of Korea. Retrieved 1/16/23 from http://www.journalist.or.kr/news/article.html?no=39071, [김달아 (2016, 5, 4). 읽히는 오피니언면, 그래서 진화한다. <기자협회보>.]
  • Kim, S. H., Carvalho, J. P., & Davis, A. C. (2010). Talking about poverty: News framing of who is responsible for causing and fixing the problem. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3-4), 563-581. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107769901008700308]
  • Kim, S. H., & Telleen, M. W. (2017). Talking about school bullying: News framing of who is responsible for causing and fixing the problem. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(3), 725-746. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016655756]
  • Knight, M. G. (1999). Getting past the impasse: Framing as a tool for public relations. Public Relations Review, 25(3), 381-398. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(99)00016-8]
  • Kwon, J. H., & Ahn, C. (2016). The analysis of newspaper report on national four major rivers project: Major ideological papers’ columns, editorials, and their frames. Locality & Communication, 20(3), 5-36. [권지현·안차수 (2016). 중앙 일간지 4대강 사업 보도에 대한 프레임 분석: 보수신문과 진보신문의 칼럼 및 사설을 중심으로. <지역과 커뮤니케이션>, 20권 3호, 5-36.]
  • Kwon, J. W., Choi, C. W., Lee, B. C., & Jang, H. Y. (2007). Outside columns and columnists in Korean newspapers: Analyzing the topography of public opinion formation. Seoul: Korea Press Foundation. [권장원·최철웅·이병철·장하용 (2007). <한국 신문의 외부 칼럼, 칼럼니스트: 여론 형성의 지형도 분석>. 서울: 한국언론재단.]
  • Lau, R. W. K. (2012). Re-theorizing news’ construction of reality: A realist-discourse-theoretic approach. Journalism, 13(7), 886-902. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911432660]
  • Lee, J. K. (2000, October). Current status and development direction of opinion page. Paper presented at the Samsung Press Foundation Seminar, Jeju. [이재경 (2000, 10월). <오피니언면의 현황과 발전방향>. 삼성언론재단 세미나. 제주.]
  • Lee, W. S. (2010). An analysis of the relationship between the editorials and the outsourced-columns. Journal of Communication Science, 10(2), 421-469. [이원섭 (2010). 국내 신문의 사외칼럼과 사설 논조의 상관관계 분석. <언론과학연구>, 10권 2호, 421-469.]
  • Lee, W. S., & Shin, M. H. (2020). Media agenda building on the national economy: Salience and hierarchy of the agenda in newspaper and broadcasting economic news data(1998-2017). Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 64(5), 248-285. [이완수·신명환 (2020). 국가경제에 대한 미디어 의제 구성: 신문과 방송 경제뉴스 데이터(1998-2017) 분석을 통해 본 의제의 현저성과 위계성. <한국언론학보>, 64권 5호, 248-285.] [https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2020.64.5.007]
  • Lee, W. S., Shim, J. W., & Shim. J.-C. (2008). Media salience and the dynamic process of news frame changing: Coverage of the Virginia tech shootings in Korea and the USA. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 52(1), 386-412. [이완수·심재웅·심재철 (2008). 미디어 현저성과 프레임 변화의 역동적 과정: 버지니아 공대 총기사건을 중심으로. <한국언론학보>, 52권 1호, 386-412.]
  • Lee, W. S., Yang, Y. Y., & Bae, J. (2020). Affiliation between the media and political parties: The media’s asymmetrical agenda for reporting national audits by political parties. Korean Journal of Legislative Studies, 26(2), 73-111. [이완수·양영유·배재영 (2020). 언론과 정당 간의 유착주의: 정당별 국정감사에 대한 언론의 편향적 의제구성 방식. <의정연구>, 26권 2호, 73-111.]
  • Lim, Y.-H. (2011). Columns analysis in the opinion sections of local newspaper: With a focus on the Daejeon and Chungcheong newspaper. Journal of Social Science, 22(4), 31-53. [임연희 (2011). 지역신문 오피니언 면 칼럼분석: 대전·충청 일간신문을 중심으로. <사회과학연구>, 22권 4호, 31-53.] [https://doi.org/10.16881/jss.2011.10.22.4.31]
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
  • McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176-187. [https://doi.org/10.1086/267990]
  • Mellado, C., & Van Dalen, A. (2017). Changing times, changing journalism: A content analysis of journalistic role performances in a transitional democracy. International Journal of Press/Politics, 22(2), 244-263. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217693395]
  • Mikhailova, Y. (2011). Electronic media and popular discourse on Russian nationalism. Nationalities Papers, 39(4), 523-546. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2011.579954]
  • Muschert, G. W., & Carr, D. (2006). Media salience and frame changing across events: Coverage of nine school shootings, 1997–2001. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(4), 747-766. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900608300402]
  • Naoroz, C., & Cleary, H. M. (2021). News media framing of police body-worn cameras: A content analysis. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(1), 540-555. [https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz018]
  • Neuman, W. R., Just, M. R., & Crigler, A. N. (1992). Common knowledge: News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. [https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226161174.001.0001]
  • Nisbet, M. C. (2008). Agenda building. International Encyclopedia of Communication, 1, 140-145. [https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405186407.wbieca035]
  • O’neill, D., & Harcup, T. (2017). What is news? News values revisited (again). Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1470-1488. [https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193]
  • Park, J. E. (2019, August 9). The biggest twist on the plainest page… Opinion page becomes a ‘hot place’. Journalists’ Association Press of Korea. Retrieved 1/16/23 from http://www.journalist.or.kr/news/article.html?no=46501, [박지은 (2019, 8, 9). 제일 밋밋한 지면의 대반전… ‘핫플레이스’ 된 오피니언면. <기자협회보>.]
  • Park, R. E. (1922). The immigrant press and its control. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
  • Park, S., Kim, K., & Ko, M. (2010). An analysis of gender inequality in the op-ed pages of Korean newspapers. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 54(1), 55-81. [박선이·김경모·고민경 (2010). 한국 신문 오피니언 칼럼의 젠더 특성 분석: 여성 필자의 과소 재현과 성 불평등 구조. <한국언론학보>, 54권 1호, 55-81.] [https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2011.54.1.81]
  • Rogers, E. M., Dearing, J. W., Rao, N., Campo, S., Meyer, G., Betts, G. J. F., & Casey, M. K. (1995). Communication and community in a city under siege: The AIDS epidemic in San Francisco. Communication Research, 22(6), 664-678. [https://doi.org/10.1177/009365095022006005]
  • Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (1998). The impact of attentiveness on political efficacy: Evidence from a three-year German panel study. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 10(3), 195-210. [https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/10.3.195]
  • Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93-109. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x]
  • Serino, T. K. (2010). ‘Setting the agenda’: The production of opinion at the Sunday Times. Social Dynamics, 36(1), 99-111. [https://doi.org/10.1080/02533950903561312]
  • Sheafer, T., & Weimann, G. (2005). Agenda building, agenda setting, priming, individual voting intentions, and the aggregate results: An analysis of four Israeli elections. Journal of Communication, 55(2), 347-365. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02676.x]
  • Song, E. J., & Lee, G. (2014). Analysis of news coverage about president’s interference with electoral process. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 58(3), 228-250. [송은지·이건호 (2014). 대통령의 선거개입 이슈 보도. <한국언론학보>, 58권 3호, 228-250.] [https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139542357.011]
  • Soroka, S. N. (2002). Issue attributes and agenda-setting by media, the public, and policymakers in Canada. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14(3), 264-285. [https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/14.3.264]
  • Tagle, F. (2021). Generic frames in corruption scandals in Chile (2015–2019): Differences and similarities between print and online media. International Journal of Communication, 15, 22.
  • Takeshita, T., & Mikami, S. (1995). How did mass media influence the voters’ choice in the 1993 general election in Japan? A study of agenda setting. Keio Communication Review, 17(3), 27-41.
  • Tankard, J. W., Jr. (2001). The empirical approach to the study of media framing. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy, Jr., & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life (pp. 111-121). New York, NY: Routledge. [https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605689-12]
  • Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Valkenburg, P. M., Semetko, H. A., & De Vreese, C. H. (1999). The effects of news frames on readers’ thoughts and recall. Communication Research, 26(5), 550-569. [https://doi.org/10.1177/009365099026005002]
  • Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2004). A “legitimate beef” or “raw meat”? Civility, multiculturalism, and letters to the editor. The Communication Review, 7(1), 89-105. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10714420490280161]
  • Wasserman, E. (2022, 7, 8). The nation’s biggest newspaper chain wants to scale back its opinion pages. That is a grave mistake. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 1/16/23 from https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/The-nation-s-biggest-newspaper-chain-wants-to-17290934.php
  • Weaver, D., & Elliott, S. N. (1985). Who sets the agenda for the media? A study of local agenda-building. Journalism Quarterly, 62(1), 87-94. [https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908506200113]
  • Won, S.-K., & Moon, J.-D. (2016). A comparative study of the news frame on four major livers project: Focused on the editorial and op-ed columns of six major local press in Youngnam. Locality & Communication, 20(3), 65-91. [원숙경·문종대 (2016). 4대강 사업에 대한 시기별 뉴스프레임 비교 연구: 영남 지역 6개 신문의 사설과 칼럼을 중심으로. <지역과 커뮤니케이션>, 20권 3호, 65-91.]
  • Woods, J. (2015). The op-ed sociologists: The Matthew effect in op-ed publication patterns. The American Sociologist, 46(3), 356-372. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-015-9269-6]
  • Yang, Y., Lee, W., & Bae, J. (2020). How does the media portray the reality of the Korean education system?: Based on the characteristics of the media’s “reframing” of the TV drama series, SKY Castle. Broadcasting & Communacation, 22(1), 76-115. [양영유·이완수·배재영 (2021). TV 드라마 의제의 일간신문 뉴스로의 전이과정: <SKY 캐슬>이 재현한 한국 교육현실을 중심으로. <방송과 커뮤니케이션>, 22권 1호, 76-115.]