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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Journalism Communication ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 63, No. 5, pp.119-151
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 31 Oct 2019
Received 09 Aug 2019 Revised 08 Oct 2019 Accepted 10 Oct 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2019.63.5.004

언론수용자의 언론인 접촉경험과 언론신뢰 : 언론인접촉-언론신뢰 가설에 대한 실증 테스트

백영민* ; 안수찬** ; 김위근***
*연세대학교 언론홍보영상학부 부교수 ymbaek@yonsei.ac.kr
**고려대학교 언론학 박사과정 / 한겨레 기자 ahn@hani.co.kr
***한국언론진흥재단 미디어연구센터 선임연구위원 wgkim@kpf.or.kr
Journalist-Audience Contact and Public Trust in News Media : Empirical Examination of Journalist-Audience Contact Hypothesis
Young Min Baek* ; Soo-Chan Ahn** ; Wi-Geun Kim***
*Associate professor, Department of Communication, Yonsei University, 1st author ymbaek@yonsei.ac.kr
**Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Media & Communication, Korea University / Editor of Media Lab., The Hankyoreh Media ahn@hani.co.kr
***Senior Researcher, Media Research Center, Korea Press Foundation, corresponding author wgkim@kpf.or.kr

초록

언론신뢰 하락현상은 전세계적으로 나타나지만, 다른 국가들에 비해 우리나라에서는 상황이 더 심각하다. 본 연구에서는 언론신뢰를 회복하기 위한 현실적·실천적 함의를 얻고자 하였다. 거시적 시대변화, 미디어 산업구조 변화, 언론수용자의 정보처리과정에서 나타나는 심리적 편향, 한국 고유의 역사적 상황 등 언론불신 현상의 발생이유들을 설명했던 기존 연구들과 달리, 본 연구에서는 기존 연구들에서 그다지 주목하지 않았던 ‘언론수용자의 언론인 접촉경험’에 주목하였다. 외집단에 대한 부정적 고정관념이나 편견을 해소하는 데 기여한 사회심리학 이론인 ‘접촉이론’(Allport, 1954)을 기반으로 언론인을 직접 만나본 일반 언론수용자들은 어느 정도이며 어떤 특성을 갖고 있는지를 살펴본 후, 언론인과의 접촉경험이 언론신뢰에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 언론인과의 접촉경험을 긍정적으로 평가한 일반 언론수용자들일수록 접촉한 언론인은 물론 다른 언론인과 언론보도, 언론사 등에 대한 높은 신뢰를 보였으며, 자신은 물론 다른 시민들의 언론신뢰도 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 이론적 함의는 물론 언론신뢰 증진을 위한 현실적·실천적 함의도 논의하였다.

Abstract

While decline in public trust in news media is an international phenomenon, it is all the more visible in South Korea. Previous studies on the issue have argued that the poverty of public trust in news media in South Korea reflects some macro-level social trends, reshaping of media industry, psychological biases of media audience in multi-media environment (e.g., confirmation bias, hostile media perception, etc.), or the historical experience unique to the country. While acknowledging the theoretical virtue achieved in the previous studies, we argue that those studies paid little attention to providing practical implications regarding how to restore public trust in news media. Drawing from the Contact Theory(Allport, 1954), this study investigates how media audience’s interaction with journalists influences audience’s trust in journalists both interacted and uninteracted, news media organizations, news reports, and the recognition of the level of trust in the same by other people. Based on nation-wide survey data, we find that audience with positive interaction with journalists, even after controlling other factors influencing public trust in news media, show higher trust in journalists, news media organizations, news reports, and a recognition of a higher level of trust in the same by other people. Based on these empirical findings, theoretical and practical implications for increased public trust are discussed.

Keywords:

public trust in news media, journalist-audience contact, contact theory

키워드:

언론신뢰, 언론인접촉, 접촉이론

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