언론의 이념성향에 따른 ‘코로나19’ 보도 프레임 비교 연구
초록
이 연구는 신종 감염병으로 인한 위험이 급증함에 따라 언론의 기능과 역할이 증대되는 가운데 언론의 이념성향과 프레임과의 관계를 규명하고자 국내는 물론 전 세계적으로 많은 감염 환자와 사망자를 발생하게 한 코로나19 위험 이슈에 관한 국내 언론의 보도에 있어서 기사의 정보(취재)원, 프레임의 특징과 차이점을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 국내 4개 일간지(조선일보, 동아일보, 한겨레, 경향신문)들을 대상으로 코로나19 사태의 국면별 보도 기사의 특성과 정보(취재)원, 형식적 프레임, 내용적 프레임을 분석했다. 이 연구에서 특히 주목한 분야는 코로나19라는 신종 감염병에 대하여 보수와 진보의 이념적 성향에 따라 뉴스 보도의 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 코로나19 보도 패턴을 보면 분석 대상인 보수성향의 신문과 진보성향의 신문 모두 형식적 프레임 중에는 사건 중심 프레임을 가장 많이 사용했으며 이러한 기사를 스트레이트 형태로 보도하는 형태가 주를 이루었다. 또한 기사 정보(취재)원은 신문들 모두 정부 부처 및 기관에 대한 의존도가 압도적으로 높았으나, 진보성향의 신문들은 보수성향의 신문들보다 일반인(시민)들과 시민·사회·종교단체를 정보원으로 더 많이 활용한 것으로 나타난 반면, 기업체(기업인)의 정보원 활용에 있어서는 보수성향의 신문들이 진보성향의 신문들보다 더 많이 활용한 것으로 분석됐다. 그러나 내용적으로는 보수신문들은 다양한 정보(취재)원에 근거해 코로나19라는 위험 이슈에 대하여 깊이 있고 심층적으로 분석하는 기사가 적었고, 신종 감염병인 코로나19에 대한 책임을 정부와 지방자치단체, 중국에 전가하는 프레임을 많이 사용함으로써 뉴스 이용자들에게 신뢰감을 덜 주는 것으로 분석됐다. 반면, 진보신문들은 해설과 사설을 통해 예방 및 대처 등 대응방안의 관점에서 보도한 기사의 비중이 높았으며, 시민들의 의견을 많이 반영하여 보도하려는 노력이 분석결과에서 드러났다. 즉, 보수신문들은 많은 기사에서 진보신문들과는 달리 갈등과 위험적 요소에 초점을 둔 보도가 많은 반면, 진보신문들은 많은 기사에서 보수신문들과는 달리 도덕적 평가 및 예방·대처 차원의 보도가 많은 것으로 분석됐다. 또한 보수신문들은 진보신문들에 비해 언론의 신뢰도를 하락시키고 독자들의 불안감을 증대시킬 수 있는 과장되거나 자극적인 표현들을 더 많이 사용한 것으로 사례분석 결과에서 나타났다. 이처럼 코로나19의 위험 이슈 보도에 있어서 신문들은 이념적 성향에 따라 프레임과 보도내용에 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
Based on the need for various studies on the media's tendency to report on new infectious diseases in the face of COVID-19 as a potential national crisis, this study analyzed the quantitative characteristics, sources of information, formal frames, and content frames of news articles to examine how the four major news media (Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, Hankyoreh, and Kyunghyang Shinmun) dealt with the issue of the COVID-19 risk. In particular, we looked at the risk issue of COVID-19 to see if there were any differences in reporting depending on the ideological orientations of either conservatism or progressivism. According to the analysis, COVID-19 reporting patterns showed that all four dailies had articles reporting with the case-oriented frame in straight form, and sources of information were overwhelmingly dependent on government ministries and agencies. As a result of the analysis, the proportion of reports using a 'responsibility attribution frame' was the greatest, and the content frame differed depending on the newspaper's ideological orientation. In many articles, conservative newspapers focused mainly on conflict and danger frames, unlike progressive newspapers. On the other hand, progressive newspapers, unlike conservative newspapers in many articles, focused mainly on moral evaluation frames, prevention/dealing frames. Overall, however, there were fewer articles involving in-depth analysis of the risk issues regarding the new infectious disease of COVID-19, which was not well known based on various sources, and the percentage of articles reported in terms of prevention and response to COVID-19 was low. In other words, in many articles, conservative newspapers focused on conflict and risk factors unlike progressive newspapers, while progressive newspapers reported a lot of moral evaluation, prevention and countermeasure-level reports, unlike conservative newspapers. Also, conservative newspapers used more exaggerated or provocative expressions than progressive newspapers, which could undermine the credibility of the media and increase readers' anxiety, according to the case study. As such, in reporting on the risk issues of COVID-19, newspapers were found to differ in frame and content depending on their ideological orientation. The media (Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, Hankyoreh, and Kyunghyang Shinmun), which cover and report on new infectious diseases that are fast-spreading, such as COVID-19, and are widely popular around the world, need to apply careful, in-depth, and professional approaches. The media needs to improve its reporting for prompt prevention and response. It is hoped for that the study will serve as an opportunity for local media to expand their research into reports of new infectious diseases.
Keywords:
Corona19, News frame, Ideology, Emerging infectious disease키워드:
코로나19, 프레임, 이념성향, 신종 감염병References
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