TV 시사 프로그램의 정치적 편향성
초록
국내 TV 시사 프로그램에서 나타나는 정치적 편향성의 특징과 채널별 편향성 지형을 확인하고자 지상파(KBS, MBC, SBS) 및 종합편성채널(채널A, MBN, JTBC, TV조선)의 시사 프로그램을 대상으로 내용 분석을 실시했다. 진행자, 패널, 자료화면의 주장 강도 및 아이템별 의견 집중도를 측정했으며, 주장 강도를 x축, 의견 집중도를 y축으로 하는 좌표를 통해 편향성 지형을 파악했다. 전반적으로 진행자와 자료화면의 주장 강도는 낮은 반면 패널의 주장 강도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 주제별로는 조국 전 장관 관련 주제의 아이템이 기타 주제의 아이템에서보다, 채널별로는 TV조선, 채널A, MBN이 다른 채널보다 주장 강도가 높았다. 의견 집중도는 전반적으로 낮은 편이었으며, KBS와 JTBC는 정부 여당 우호적이며 나머지 채널은 야당 우호적이었다. 주제별로는 조국 전 장관 관련 주제의 아이템이 기타 주제의 아이템에서보다 의견 집중도가 높았으며, 조국 전 장관 관련 주제에서 TV조선과 채널A의 편향성을 확인할 수 있었다. 편향성 지형을 분석한 결과 대부분의 프로그램이 기계적 중립 프로그램으로 분류되었으며, TV조선이 독선적 프로그램과 정론적 프로그램의 경계에 있었다. 편향성 지형은 주제별로 다른 양상을 보였는데, 조국 전 장관 관련 주제에서 TV조선과 채널A가 독선적 시사 프로그램으로 분류되었으며 기타 주제에서는 TV조선이 정론적 시사 프로그램으로 분류되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 기존 연구의 연장선상에서 국내 TV 시사 프로그램의 편향성 지형을 다시 한 번 구체적으로 확인해 주었다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 연구 결과를 토대로 시사 프로그램 제작과 관련한 구체적인 규범 정립의 필요성과 실천적 함의를 제안하였다.
Abstract
To verify the characteristics of political bias in domestic TV programs on current affairs and the topography of bias in each channel, a content analysis was conducted on current affairs programs aired on terrestrial (KBS, MBC, SBS) as well as general programming channels (Channel A, MBN, JTBC, TV Chosun). By measuring the argument intensity and concentration of opinions in the moderators, panels, and footage item by item, the bias topography was identified through coordinates with the argument intensity on the x-axis and the concentration of opinions on the y-axis. Overall, the argument intensity of moderators and footage was low, while that of the panels proved high. By topic, former minister Cho's items were more intense than other topics, while by channel, TV Chosun, Channel A, and MBN showed higher argument intensity than that of other channels. The concentration of opinions was generally low. KBS and JTBC were friendly to the government and the ruling party, whereas the rest of the channels were friendly to the opposition parties. By topic, those items related to former minister Cho revealed a higher concentration of opinions than other topics, and yet the bias of TV Chosun and Channel A was confirmed in the topic related to former minister Cho. Analysis of bias topography shows that most programs were classified as mechanical neutral programs, with TV Chosun at the border between dogmatic and argumentative programs. The bias landscape was subject to different topics with TV Chosun and Channel A classified as dogmatic programs on the topic related to former Minister Cho and with TV Chosun as an argumentative program on other topics. These findings are significant in that they confirm the bias landscape of domestic TV programs in a way to extend existing studies. Based on the results of the study, the need for establishing specific norms related to the production of current affairs programs and the practical implications were proposed.
Keywords:
TV Current Affairs Programs, Political Bias, Argument Intensity, Concentration of Opinions키워드:
TV 시사 프로그램, 정치적 편향성, 주장 강도, 의견 집중도Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the research grant of the Kongju National University in 2019(이 논문은 2019년 공주대학교 학술연구지원사업의 연구지원에 의하여 연구되었음).
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