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The Korean Society for Journalism & Communication (KSJCS)
[ Article ]
Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies - Vol. 66, No. 3, pp.183-230
ISSN: 2586-7369 (Online)
Print publication date 30 Jun 2022
Received 08 Apr 2022 Revised 01 Jun 2022 Accepted 12 Jun 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2022.66.3.005

공중유형에 따른 미세먼지 위험 대응 행동의도 연구 : 충남지역 주민을 대상으로 한 공중 상황 이론의 확장 적용

이현승** ; 김영욱***
**이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어연구소 연구위원 coolshey@hanmail.net
***이화여자대학교 커뮤니케이션미디어학과 교수 kimyw@ewha.ac.kr
A Study on Risk-Coping Behavioral Intentions against Particulate Matter by Situational Publics : The Extended Application of the Situational Theory to Local Residents in the Chungnam Province
Hyunseung Lee** ; Yungwook Kim***
**Researcher, Ewha Womans University coolshey@hanmail.net
***Professor, Ewha Womans University, corresponding author kimyw@ewha.ac.kr

초록

미세먼지 위험은 발생 원인을 둘러싼 불확실성이 높을 뿐 아니라 매우 작은 크기로 존재하기 때문에 우리 주변에 항상 존재함에도 불구하고, 대부분의 경우 직접 경험을 통해 감지되지 않는다. 또한 부문별·지역별 편차가 크게 나타난다. 연구 대상인 충남지역의 경우, 석탄화력발전소, 석유화학단지, 제철소를 포함한 대규모 배출시설이 소재해 있을 뿐 아니라 중국과 인접한 서쪽에 위치하고 있어 월경성 오염물질이나 황사의 영향도 크게 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 상황에서 충남지역 주민의 미세먼지 위험 상황에 대한 인식을 분석하여 공중특성에 따라 미세먼지 위험에 대해 느끼는 불안과 공포의 정도, 위험 대처 반응 등이 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지 파악해보고자 하였다. 공중 상황 이론(situational theory of publics)을 확장하여 공중의 위험 상황에 대한 인식뿐 아니라 위험에 대한 정서적 반응이 고려되었을 때 대처 반응으로서 정보추구가 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지 부정적 정서의 매개역할에 대해 살펴보고, 상황 이론이 상정하고 있지 않은 행동의도를 포함하여 정보추구가 위험 대응 행동의도에 미치는 영향까지 함께 살펴봄으로써 충남지역 공중유형에 맞는 위험 커뮤니케이션 전략을 수립하는 타당한 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 위험 상황을 평가하는 기준으로 제시한 문제인식, 제약인식, 관여도 중 매개변수인 불안과 공포, 정보추구에 가장 큰 영향력을 행사하는 변수는 관여도였다. 미세먼지 위험에 대한 관여도가 높을수록 불안과 공포, 정보추구 성향이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미세먼지 위험에 대한 문제인식이 높을수록 불안이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 불안과 공포, 정보추구에 미치는 제약인식의 효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 부정적 정서로 제시된 불안과 공포는 차별적인 효과를 보였다. 불안은 저감 행동의도와 적응 행도의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤으나, 공포는 정보추구에 정적인 영향을, 적응 행동의도에는 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 결과는 위험으로 인해 발생하는 불안과 공포가 하나의 통합된 정서가 아니라 핵심 관계적 주제에 따라 차별적으로 발생하는 개별 정서라는 것을 보여줄 뿐 아니라 행동 성향에 미치는 영향도 차별적이라는 것으로 보여준다. 셋째, 문제인식과 관여도가 불안을 거쳐 저감 행동의도와 적응 행동의도에 미치는 매개효과가 발견되었으며, 관여도가 공포를 매개하여 정보추구와 저감 행동의도에 미치는 이중 매개효과도 발견되었다. 넷째, 공중 세분화 결과 활동 공중과 인지 공중이 대부분을 차지했으며, 두 집단 간에 불안, 공포, 정보추구, 저감 행동의도에 차이가 있었다. 마지막으로 활동 공중과 인지 공중 간에 위험 대응 행동의도에 이르는 경로 차이를 발견할 수 있었다.

Abstract

The particulate matter (PM) risk, which is being dealt with at the level of social disaster in South Korea, is not detected through direct experience in most cases due to the minute size and occurrence uncertainty of PM, although it is always present in reality. Also opinions on the causes of PM are divided. PM is still in a world of uncertainty. In addition, there exist large differences by sectors and regions. The Chungnam province, which is the region of focus for the study, houses large-scale emission facilities including a number of coal-fired power plants, petrochemical complexes, and steel mills. The Chungnam province is located in the west of Korea, adjacent to China, and it is known that transboundary pollutants including PM and yellow dust are easily noticeable in this region. This situation causes conflicts among publics over the definition, management, and solution of the PM risk. PM becomes a key problem in the region, thus forming publics with different interests. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the publics’ perceptions of risk situations and to figure out how these different perceptions lead to the different levels of anxiety and fear toward the PM risk, and result in different risk-coping responses such as information seeking, adaptive behaviorsn and mitigating behaviors. In this context, Grunig's situational theory of publics was expanded by examining the mediating role of anxiety and fear and by including various behavioral intentions against PM that have not been investigated by the original situational theory. Based on this background, this study aims to provide an empirical basis for establishing an effective risk-communication strategy for the Chungnam public. A survey was conducted with 533 residents of the Chungnam province, and a structural equation model was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical programs. First, level of involvement had the greatest influence on anxiety, fear, and information seeking among three situational variables, which include problem recognition, constraint recognition, and level of involvement. It was found that the higher the level of involvement with the PM risk in the Chungnam province, the greater the levels of anxiety, fear, and information seeking tendency. In addition, it was found that the higher the level of problem recognition of the PM risk in the Chungnam province, the greater the anxiety. However, the effects of constraint recognition on anxiety, fear, and information seeking were not statistically significant. Second, anxiety and fear showed differential effects on information seeking, mitigation behavioral intentions, and adaptive behavioral intentions for coping with PM risks. These results not only show that anxiety and fear are differentially generated according to key issues, but also indicate that their influences on behavioral tendencies are also different. Anxiety and fear also have different effects on behavioral tendencies. Third, the mediating effects of problem recognition and level of involvement on mitigation behavioral intention and adaptive behavioral intention through anxiety were found, and a mediating effect of involvement on mitigation behavioral intention through fear and information seeking was also found. Lastly, influencing variable path differences to risk-coping behavior intentions between active and aware publics were detected. Based on these results, communication strategies for PM risk communication in the Chungnam province were discussed.

Keywords:

Particulate Matter, Situational Theory, Negative Emotion, Coping Response, Risk Communication

키워드:

미세먼지, 상황 이론, 부정적 정서, 대처 반응, 위험 커뮤니케이션

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT(2019M1A2A2103953) (이 논문은 2019년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단-기후변화대응기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No. 2019M1A2A2103953)).

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