유아의 부모와 교사는 미디어 리터러시에 관하여 서로 어떻게 인식할까? : 미디어 리터러시 구성요소와 미디어 리터러시 전문가의 참여 인식에 관한 상호지향성 모델
초록
본 연구는 유아 미디어교육의 주요 주체인 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모와 유아교육 기관 교사에 주목하여, 미디어 리터러시에 관한 부모와 교사의 인식 차이와 관계성을 살펴보고자 했다. 미디어 리터러시의 세부 구성요소와 미디어 리터러시 전문가의 유아 미디어교육 참여에 관한 상호지향성 모델을 분석하고, 각 모델의 유형을 파악함으로써 유아 미디어교육에서 부모·교사 간 커뮤니케이션 필요성을 논의하고자 했다. 주요 연구 문제를 분석하기 위해, 수도권에 거주하는 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모와 수도권 지역 유아교육 기관의 교사 총 203명을 대상으로 하는 자기기입식 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 미디어 리터러시 구성요소인 비판적 이해에 관한 부모·교사의 객관적 일치도가 일치하였으나, 주관적 일치도는 두 집단 모두 일치하지 않았으며 상대방이 자신만큼 긍정적으로 인식하지는 않을 것이라 답변하는 경향을 보였다. 반면, 시민성에 관해서도 부모·교사의 객관적 일치도가 일치하고 주관적 일치도는 일치하지 않았으나, 상대방이 자신보다 더 긍정적으로 인식할 것이라 답변하였다. 즉, 비판적 이해와 시민성에 관하여 부모·교사 스스로의 인식이 유사함에도 상대방은 자신과 다를 것이라 오해하는 지각적 편향 발생 가능성을 확인하였다. 자아표현에 관하여, 부모·교사 모두 유아교육 기관 교사가 더 긍정적으로 인식할 것이라 답변하였고 두 집단 모두 이러한 인식 차이를 비교적 정확하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 미디어 리터러시 전문가의 유아 미디어교육 참여에 관한 상호지향성 모델 유형 분석 결과 부분 불일치 유형에 해당하였다. 즉, 미디어교육 강사를 포함한 미디어 리터러시 관련 기관 종사자나 대학의 유아 미디어교육 참여에 관하여 부모보다 교사가 더 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 교사는 이러한 차이를 비교적 정확하게 인식하였으나, 부모는 미디어 리터러시 전문가의 참여에 관한 교사의 인식이 자신들과 유사할 것이라고 답변하는 경향을 보였다. 분석 결과를 종합하여, 교사와 부모가 함께 참여하는 미디어교육 프로그램의 필요성이나 미디어 리터러시 전문가와의 연계 교육 필요성을 논의하였다.
Abstract
In early childhood media education, parents' and teachers' media literacy transfers to direct interactions with toddler and interactions between parents and teachers. However, little attention has been paid to the differences in parent and teacher groups regarding their perceptions of media literacy. This study investigated the differences and relationships among parents and teachers in terms of their perceptions of media literacy. The focus was directed at building co-orientation models regarding the sub-components of media literacy and media literacy experts' participation in early childhood media education. Further, we analyzed the types of each co-orientation model, and we discussed the need for communication between parents and teachers in early childhood media education. In order to analyze the main research questions, a self-report online survey was conducted with a total of 203 parents of toddlers residing in the metropolitan area and teachers employed at early childhood education institutions in the metropolitan area. As a result of the analysis, the co-orientation model for critical understanding and citizenship, a sub-component of media literacy, corresponded to ignorance. The agreement between parents and teachers on critical understanding and citizenship was consistent. However, the congruency between the two groups did not agree. They responded that the others would not perceive their critical understanding positively as they did. On the other hand, regarding citizenship, they answered that the other person would perceive them more positively than themselves. In other words, it was confirmed that there is a possibility of a perceptual bias in which the other party misunderstands that the parents and teachers have similar perceptions about critical understanding and citizenship but are different from their own. Concerning self-expression, both parents and teachers answered that teachers of early childhood education institutions would perceive them more positively, and both groups recognized this difference in perception relatively accurately. The analysis of the co-orientation model regarding the participation of media literacy experts in early childhood media education was partially inconsistent. In other words, teachers perceived more positively than parents about participation in media education for children in media literacy-related institutions, including media education instructors and universities. Teachers recognized these differences relatively accurately, but parents tended to respond that teachers' perceptions about the participation of media literacy experts would be similar to themselves. The paper concludes by mentioning some of the implications raised by this approach to the necessity of a media education program in which teachers and parents participate together or the need for education in connection with media literacy experts.
Keywords:
Early childhood media education, Media literacy, Co-orientation model, Parents, Teacher키워드:
유아 미디어교육, 미디어 리터러시, 상호지향성 모델, 부모, 교사Acknowledgments
본 연구는 한국언론진흥재단의 2021년 지정주제 연구과제 ‘유아 대상 미디어 리터러시 교육 방안 및 커리큘럼’을 통해 자료를 수집하였습니다. 발전된 논문이 될 수 있도록 조언해주신 심사위원분들에게 감사드립니다(This research used data collected through ‘Early Childhood Media Literacy Education Plan and Curriculum,’ a research project by the Korea Press Foundation. Thanks to the reviewers for their advice in making this article more advanced).
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