텔레비전 드라마 속 여성주의 서사의 가능성과 한계 : <마인>(tvN)과 <구경이>(JTBC)를 중심으로
초록
본 연구는 이전과는 차별화된 여성 캐릭터들이 돋보인 드라마 <마인>과 <구경이>를 여성주의 관점에서 분석한 것이다. <마인>은 여성의 연대와 자매애, 여성 간의 사랑이 서사의 중심축을 형성한다는 점에서, <구경이>는 범죄 드라마의 전형적인 장르 관습과 달리 수사관, 범죄자, 권력자 모두 여성만으로 이루어졌다는 점에서, 이성애적 로맨스를 중심으로 여성의 경쟁자를 여성으로 설정하고 여성을 무력한 희생자나 보조자로 재현해 온 기존의 텔레비전 드라마 서사와는 차별적이다. 이 두 드라마를 분석하여 한국의 텔레비전 드라마에서 여성 캐릭터가 어떻게 변했는지, 이러한 서사가 텔레비전 드라마에서 보편적인 여성주의적 서사가 될 수 있는지 그 가능성을 탐구하고자 했다. 텍스트의 여러 구성 요소 중에서 특히 등장인물, 주요 인물 간의 관계, 주요 인물들의 역할이 상호 교차하는 에피소드를 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 여성 인물에 대한 외적 표현, 인물의 인격, 여성 간의 관계, 남성과의 관계, 자녀와의 관계를 재현하는 방식에서 과거 드라마와는 다른 점들이 발견되었다. <구경이>의 구경이는 대중문화물에서 ‘술 좋아하는 망가진 정의로운 천재 남성’을 표현해오던 전형적인 방식으로 재현되었다. 이러한 재현은 그동안 여성에게 부여되지 않았던 특징들을 전유했다는 점에서는 저항적인 측면이 있다. 하지만 범죄 수사극에서 남성적 기표를 활용한 여성 캐릭터의 창조는 이분화된 전형적인 젠더 규범을 더 명시적으로 보여주며, 범죄 수사극은 여전히 남성적 기표가 우세한 장르라는 점을 상기시켰다. 그러나 남성=가해자, 여성=피해자 혹은 조력자로 설정하는 텔레비전 수사 드라마의 전형적인 장르 관습을 벗어나서 남성을 주변화하고, 여성이기에 공유하는 감정과 상호연결성을 보여주면서 여성주의 서사를 시도했다고 평가할 수 있다. 한편 <마인>의 정서현은 기존의 젠더 이분법에서 본 여성 캐릭터에서 진일보한 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 정서현은 남성의 기표를 두른 구경이와 달리 인물의 시각적 표현, 여성과의 관계 등에서 탈젠더적인 특징이 발견되었다. <마인>은 새로운 여성 캐릭터, 여성의 연대와 모성에 대한 다양한 재현, 이성애적 로맨스를 탈피함으로써 여성주의 서사를 구축한 것으로 보인다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 드라마는 기존의 전형화된 젠더 인식 및 규범을 완전히 극복하지는 못했다. 주변 인물들이 여전히 젠더 이분법적 틀 속에서 표현되었고, 여성을 중심으로 한 서사가 남성 인물을 완전히 배제함으로써 구축되었기 때문에 한계가 있었다. 이러한 특징을 종합하여, 젠더 감수성에 민감한 우리 시대의 텔레비전 드라마는 새로운 생존 전략으로서 가부장적 규범 측면에서 표현은 모호하나 함의는 명료하게, 여성주의적 서사 측면에서는 표현은 분명하나 의미는 흐릿하게 하는 공존의 전략을 선택했다고 결론 내렸다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the dramas Mine and Inspector Koo from a feminist perspective, the female characters in the dramas are unlike any other. The narrative's major axis in Mine is women's solidarity, sisterly affection, and love between women. Also, Inspector Koo features female investigators, criminals, and strong characters, breaking the genre norms of crime dramas. It differs from the previous television drama narratives that have shown women as rivals and represented them as helpless victims or assistants in romantic rivalries. By examining these two dramas, we attempted to investigate how female characters have evolved in Korean television dramas as well as the possibility that these feminist components could become broadly applicable feminist narratives in dramas. The analysis of the texts concentrated on the episodes where the characters, their relationships with one another, and their roles intersect. The analysis revealed that the exterior representation of female characters, the personalities of the characters, and the way it showed relationships between women, relationships with men, and interactions with their children were all different from previous dramas. Goo Kyung Yi in Inspector Koo is represented in the typical way that pop culture has shown the "broken, righteous genius man who likes to drink." This representation has a resistance aspect in that it appropriated characteristics that had not been given to women in the past. Nonetheless, the creation of female characters using masculine signifiers in crime investigation shows more explicitly the dichotomous gender norms, reminding us that crime investigation plays are still a genre dominated by masculine signifiers. In contrast to the conventional genre norms of TV investigative dramas, in which are represented as “men = criminals” and “women = victims or helpers,” it attempted a feminist narrative by marginalizing men and showing the affects and connectivity shared by women. By eschewing heterosexual romance, using different representations of women's unity and motherhood, and using new female characters, Mine appears to have developed a feminist narrative. The traditional gender view and conventions were not entirely disproved by these dramas, nevertheless. There were restrictions since the surrounding characters continued to express themselves within the framework of the gender binary, and the narrative focused on women was constructed by completely ignoring male characters. Combining these characteristics, the television dramas of our time, which is gender-sensitive, have chosen a strategy of coexistence. In other words, in a patriarchal way, the expression is ambiguous but conveys clear meanings, whereas in a feminist way, the expression is explicit but leaves room for interpretation.
Keywords:
TV drama, feminist narrative, character analysis, representation, female solidarity키워드:
텔레비전 드라마, 여성 서사, 캐릭터 분석, 재현, 여성 연대References
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